Publications
Wood as Cultural and Biodiversity Heritage: a case study at Fazenda Dois Rios, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
A study of the 18th-century warehouse at Fazenda Dois Rios, Ilha Grande, Brazil, reveals that seven wood species were used in its construction, six of which align with the local Atlantic Forest formation. This finding expands the understanding of both cultural and environmental heritage at Paraty and Ilha Grande, a UNESCO Mixed Heritage Site. The research employed the InsideWood database for preliminary taxonomic identification, followed by detailed anatomical comparisons using databases, literature, and reference collections. Species were selected based on anatomical similarity, commercial relevance, geographic distribution, and local floristic records. This analysis underscores wood's potential as an analytical tool for reconstructing environmental history.
Impact of paleo-rainfall events in the South Atlantic Convergence Zone (SACZ) and human pressures since ~ 1950 in southeastern Brazil: Paraty and Saco de Mamanguá
A significant decline in rainfall and a sharp increase in sediment accumulation since the 1980s, driven by urbanization, deforestation, agriculture, and dredging, have been identified in Paraty and Saco de Mamanguá, southeastern Brazil. The study, using radiometric dating (210Pb and 137Cs) and geochemical analysis of sediment cores from Ilha Grande Bay, reveals that while moisture levels were higher before ~2000, human activities have since exacerbated environmental degradation, including silting, eutrophication, and pollution by toxic elements like Cu, Pb, Sn, Zn, and As. Additionally, the research highlights the impact of extreme rainfall events linked to the South Atlantic Convergence Zone (SACZ), which has intensified landslides in slope zones, particularly since ~1970. These findings underscore the dual threat of climate change and anthropogenic pressures on coastal ecosystems, necessitating further investigation into mega-rainfall events in densely populated areas.
Capacidade da governança pública territorial de envolver o turismo de base comunitária no desenvolvimento local sustentável: uma análise do caso de Paraty/RJ
Public governance mechanisms can effectively engage community-based tourism (CBT) in promoting sustainable local development, according to a study analyzing Paraty/RJ. The research identifies four key dimensions—concessions, copotentiality, coeffectiveness, and colegitimacy—that enable territorial public governance (GPT) to support CBT in driving endogenous and sustainable growth. This finding addresses a gap in the literature by demonstrating how GPT can facilitate collaborative efforts between tourism initiatives and local stakeholders. The study employed a case analysis of Paraty/RJ, leveraging documentary reviews, direct observations, and semi-structured questionnaires, with thematic content analysis guiding data interpretation.
Characterization and Proposal of Technologies for The Treatment of Domestic Sewage in Ilha Grande Bay – RJ
A sanitation deficit in Ilha Grande Bay (BIG) is addressed through the identification of five promising decentralized wastewater treatment technologies: Septic Tanks, Compact UASB, Biodigesters, Compartmentalized Anaerobic Reactors, and Integrated Biosystems. These solutions, currently underutilized compared to national averages (18-54% coverage), offer potential for improving environmental conditions in BIG, which has suffered from irregular domestic wastewater discharge due to urbanization. The study analyzed data from the 2017 Wastewater Atlas and evaluated fifteen treatment options to propose strategies that align with Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG 6). This research provides a model for implementing decentralized sanitation solutions in developing countries, contributing to universal household wastewater treatment.
Identificação dos aspectos históricos e reconhecimento da produção de cachaça para Denominação de Origem Paraty
The first Geographical Indication (GI) for cachaça in Brazil, recognized as Denomination of Origin Paraty in 2024, highlights the unique historical and cultural significance of cachaça production in Paraty. This recognition follows a long-standing tradition dating back to the 17th century, where Paraty's cachaça was renowned for its superior quality and higher market price compared to other regions. The decline in production during the 20th century led to a collective effort by local producers, culminating in the formation of the Associação de Produtores e Amigos da Cachaça Artesanal de Paraty (APACAP) in 2004, which played a pivotal role in reviving and qualifying cachaça production. The study, employing exploratory and qualitative methods including bibliographic research and case analysis, underscores the importance of institutional partnerships in proving that Paraty's cachaça's unique flavor is tied to both natural and human factors. This experience serves as an inspirational model for other GIs.
Intervenções territoriais e comunitárias em saúde mental de comunidades tradicionais de Paraty
A collaborative project in Paraty, Brazil, successfully integrated territorial and community-based mental health interventions, addressing socio-economic, environmental, and health dimensions while aligning with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and Agenda 2030. The initiative, involving residents from a multiprofessional residency program and local traditional communities, employed participatory methodologies such as popular education, action research, and experience systematization to strengthen mental health care networks. Activities included territorial recognition workshops, community dialogues, and interviews, fostering collaboration between formal health services and traditional knowledge systems. This approach enhanced access to mental healthcare while preserving cultural heritage, demonstrating a model for sustainable, community-centered mental health strategies in UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
Meteorological Signal on Hydrodynamics in the Ilha Grande and Sepetiba Bays: Lag Effects and Coastal Currents
A significant meteorological signal lag of 4.92 hours plays a crucial role in shaping the hydrodynamics of Ilha Grande and Sepetiba Bays, Brazil, by inducing water level differences between bay entrances and generating strong currents through the narrow Ilha Grande Channel. Unlike tidal forces, which exhibit minimal coastal lag (1 minute), this remote meteorological effect drives substantial fluxes that cannot be explained by baroclinic effects or seiches alone. The study employed a nested coastal-ocean model to analyze the interplay between meteorological and tidal forcings, revealing how signal propagation delays influence bay dynamics—a finding with implications for understanding complex estuarine systems.
Phytoplankton Diversity Across a Coastal Urbanization and Eutrophication Gradient: The Sepetiba Bay—Ilha Grande Bay Continuum in Rio de Janeiro
Eutrophication acts as an environmental filter, promoting trait convergence and selecting specialist phytoplankton species along an urbanization and eutrophication gradient. This study analyzed phytoplankton diversity across the Sepetiba Bay—Ilha Grande Bay continuum in Rio de Janeiro, revealing significant community differences driven by species replacement rather than loss. Sampling conducted in November 2021 and April 2022 captured functional groups such as strict autotrophs (diatoms and filamentous cyanobacteria) and mixotrophs (dinoflagellates), with increased eutrophication in Sepetiba Bay reducing the dispersion of functional traits. The research used classical diversity indices and Beta-Turnover analyses to assess community structure, highlighting how human settlement impacts coastal ecosystems.
Revisitando o ecoturismo na Ilha Grande/RJ
Ecotourism in Ilha Grande, Brazil, remains largely underdeveloped despite its potential for sustainable tourism. A SWOT analysis of the region reveals significant barriers—such as accessibility challenges and insufficient infrastructure—that hinder its transition from conventional tourism to ecotourism. The study highlights a disconnect between current practices and sustainable ideals, emphasizing the need for coordinated strategies among stakeholders to foster genuine ecotourism development. This research underscores the urgency of policy alignment and collaborative efforts to harness Ilha Grande’s biodiversity while ensuring responsible tourism growth.
Sand fly population dynamics in areas of American cutaneous leishmaniasis, Municipality of Paraty, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
A three-year study on sand fly population dynamics in Paraty, Brazil, revealed that the highest density of these disease vectors occurs between November and March, with a peak in January. Four species—Nyssomyia intermedia, Pintomyia fischeri, Migonemyia migonei, and Nyssomyia whitmani—were found year-round, posing persistent risks for American cutaneous leishmaniasis transmission. Researchers used CDC light traps, Shannon traps, and manual suction to capture 102,937 sand flies across peridomiciliary and forest areas, identifying seasonal patterns that correlate with increased human-vector contact during warmer months.
A new species of Megaspira (Stylommatophora: Megaspiridae) from Ilha Grande, Southeast Brazil
Researchers have identified and described a new species of Megaspira, a tall-spired land snail native to Brazil. The discovery, named Megaspira adenticulata sp. nov., was made on Ilha Grande, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in southeastern Brazil. This species is distinguished by its lack of apertural lamellae and light brown spots, which are present in other Megaspiridae species. The study employed shell morphology, microsculpture analysis, and inner anatomy examination—techniques not previously applied to the genus—to characterize this new taxon. M. adenticulata also stands out for its smaller average size (27 mm height) and 16 whorls. Collected under leaf litter near rocks and shallow soil, this finding contributes to the understanding of Megaspira's biodiversity and taxonomic complexity in Brazil.
Assessment of the environmental sustainability of cobia fish farm (Rachycentron Canadum) in the bay of Ilha Grande - Brazil and the relationship with benthic macrofauna
A cobia fish farm in Ilha Grande Bay, Brazil, was found to have minimal environmental impact on benthic macrofauna, suggesting sustainability despite organic matter inputs. The study analyzed sediment and benthic organisms across multiple time points and locations, including control areas, revealing no correlation between organic matter and species richness or diversity. The Marine Biotic Index (AMBI) indicated an unpolluted environment with sensitive species predominating. Current velocities were insufficient to disperse organic matter from the farm to control areas, highlighting localized effects. This research provides insights into the environmental sustainability of marine aquaculture in UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
Caracterização dos serviços ecossistêmicos da Baía de Ilha Grande - RJ
Ilha Grande Bay, a Brazilian marine biodiversity hotspot, offers critical ecosystem services but faces persistent threats from economic development. A 2022 study by Silva et al. reveals that the bay's ecological resilience hinges on its ability to sustain these services despite human-induced pressures. The research characterizes current ecosystem uses—such as fisheries and tourism—as a foundational step toward assessing long-term sustainability. By analyzing historical, spatial, and temporal environmental data, the team identifies key vulnerabilities while proposing management tools to mitigate degradation. Their approach combines ecological mapping with socio-economic factors, offering a blueprint for balancing conservation and development in this UNESCO-listed site.
Festival Aves de Paraty (RJ): projeto, evento, turismo em prol da preservação ambiental (2012-2016)
The Festival Aves de Paraty (2012–2016) successfully integrated tourism with environmental conservation, demonstrating that such initiatives can strengthen ecoturism and nature tourism while reducing their negative impacts. By leveraging birdwatching as a tool for environmental education, the festival fostered community engagement and raised awareness about local biodiversity preservation in Paraty, Brazil—a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The study employed qualitative research methods, including bibliographic analysis, documentary surveys, and questionnaires, to assess the project's effectiveness. Findings highlighted its role in promoting sustainable tourism practices through education, reflection, and active participation, offering a replicable model for balancing conservation with local economic benefits.
Illustrious visitors to the world nature heritage: seabird strandings in the Ilha Grande bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
A five-year study of seabird strandings in Ilha Grande Bay, Brazilrevealed 268 recorded incidents involving 19 species, with the highest abundance occurring during winter. The most frequent species were the Magellanic penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus), magnificent frigatebird (Fregata magnificens), and brown booby (Sula leucogaster). The research, conducted through extensive beach monitoring covering over 200 km of coastline, highlighted seasonal variations in stranding patterns while noting that most species showed no clear seasonal trend. This study underscores the ecological significance of Ilha Grande Bay as a critical habitat for seabirds and provides valuable data to support conservation efforts, sustainable tourism, and environmental management strategies.
Nova Metodologia para Análise do Impacto do Atropelamento de Fauna: Estudo de Caso Paraty-Cunha
A novel methodology for assessing the environmental impact of wildlife roadkill has been developed and applied to the Paraty-Cunha highway (RJ-165) in Brazil, revealing significant and previously unquantified impacts on vertebrate fauna. The study identified not only hotspots with higher roadkill rates but also areas where the qualitative nature of affected species was more severe. By analyzing roadkill data at distinct stages of highway restoration, researchers demonstrated that this approach provides more precise and consistent results than traditional methods. This methodology offers a critical tool for environmental management of highways, particularly in biodiversity-rich regions like Paraty and Ilha Grande.
The bee community (Hymenoptera, Apidae) of Ilha Grande, Babitonga bay, Santa Catarina State, Brazil: structure, insularity and interaction network
Island bee communities tend to exhibit lower diversity compared to mainland counterparts, but this study challenges that notion by revealing a surprisingly diverse and complex bee community on Ilha Grande, Babitonga Bay, Brazil. The research identified 50 species or morphotypes of bees, with Apis mellifera being the most abundant, yet its presence reduced overall diversity throughout the year. Notably, the island's Halictinae richness surpassed mainland levels, while Apinae diversity was lower due to the absence of Meliponina. Interaction network analysis showed an asymmetric, nested, and poorly specialized system, indicating limited interference or favoring of certain taxa. The study employed a systematic sampling approach over two years, collecting 785 bee specimens and identifying 55 associated botanical species, with Schinus terebinthifolius being the most visited. These findings corroborate the Theory of Island Biogeography while highlighting unique ecological dynamics on Ilha Grande.
The Praia do Sono (Paraty, Brazil) as a Gateway Community to Achieve the Universalization of Sustainable Development Goal 6 (Water Sanitation) in Tourist Areas
A water sanitation project in Praia do Sono, Brazil—a gateway community linking two protected areas—has significantly enhanced residents' sense of belonging and identity while addressing Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG 6) for safe sanitation. The study, using qualitative methods including participant observation and stakeholder interviews, revealed that territorial conflicts, conservation policies, and mass tourism have constrained traditional practices and collective cohesion. However, the project demonstrated tangible health benefits and improved quality of life, offering a model for integrating sustainable sanitation in tourist-driven regions while balancing ecological preservation with community development.
Tree species composition in Ilha Grande, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
A comprehensive analysis of Ilha Grande's arboreal flora, part of the UNESCO-listed Paraty and Ilha Grande site, reveals 509 tree species, with 34 categorized as threatened—including two critically endangered. The study, integrating unpublished data and prior research, highlights the island's rich biodiversity within Brazil's Atlantic Forest, while also identifying 53 exotic species. Conducted through phytosociological inventories since 2010 under PPBio Mata Atlântica, this work underscores the critical role of such inventories in guiding conservation strategies for this globally significant ecosystem.
Vivência no município de Paraty-RJ: tecendo a tradição e valorizando os conhecimentos tradicionais e culturais no contexto rural e urbano
A study conducted in Paraty, Rio de Janeiro, reveals that traditional knowledge is vital for rural-urban communities, playing a crucial role in preserving cultural identity, generating income, and providing a voice to these communities. The research employed qualitative ethnographic methods, including field visits, interviews, participant observation, and photographic records, to explore the interplay between tradition and modern life in both rural and urban settings. It highlights how continuous learning within these communities contributes significantly to biodiversity and quality of life, while also contextualizing school content with daily reality. This work underscores the importance of recognizing and valuing traditional knowledge as a means of sustainable development and cultural preservation.
Análise da sensibilidade ambiental do litoral de Paraty (Estado do Rio Janerio, Brasil) a potenciais derramamentos de óleo.
The coastal region of Paraty, Brazil, exhibits varying levels of vulnerability to oil spills, with some areas facing severe ecological and socio-economic risks. Research using the Shoreline Sensitivity Index (ISL) identified distinct sensitivity levels: rocky shores in bays and islands (ISL 1-2), beaches like Taquari and Prainha (ISL 4), southern Jabaquara and Barra de Corumbê (ISL 5), talus deposits and armored coasts (ISL 6), and mangrove areas (ISL 10) as the most sensitive. Fieldwork, including morphological and sediment characterization of six beaches, revealed that oil pollution could cause significant damage to marine ecosystems, tourism, and fisheries. This study highlights the need for targeted environmental protection strategies in Paraty's coastal zones.
Anthropic expansion of Paraty in Serra da Bocaina National Park, Mata Atlântica Biome
The study reveals that Paraty's urban expansion within the Serra da Bocaina National Park has led to a significant decrease in native vegetation cover, with growth occurring diffusely and without adherence to municipal or park planning. This finding underscores the ineffectiveness of current Master and Management Plans in mitigating anthropic pressure on the Mata Atlântica Biome. Researchers employed geoprocessing tools to analyze land use changes over three time points (2001, 2006, and 2018) using Landsat satellite imagery, alongside a review of planning documents. The results highlight the urgent need for improved management strategies to protect this UNESCO World Heritage Site's biodiversity.
Avaliação da Erosão dos Solos na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Pequeno, Paraty-rj
A recent study on the Rio Pequeno watershed in Paraty, Brazil, reveals that while soils in the region exhibit low erodibility, human activities and land management practices are accelerating soil degradation. The research highlights how changes in vegetation cover and improper land use reduce organic matter input, potentially increasing soil erodibility over time. Despite the natural resilience of the terrain, these findings underscore the need for sustainable management to protect the ecological integrity of this UNESCO World Heritage Site. The study employed a combination of fieldwork, soil attribute analysis, and thematic mapping to assess environmental conditions, providing critical insights into the long-term impacts of human interference on biodiversity and landscape stability.
Coastal Erosion and Flood Susceptibility in Paraty, Southeast Brazil
A 14-year analysis of Paraty's shoreline, a UNESCO-listed site in Brazil, reveals significant erosion and flood vulnerability in key coastal areas. Southern Jabaquara Beach, Pontal, Terra Nova (Paraty-Centro), Cepilho, and Fora (Trindade) exhibited erosive behavior, while Ranchos Beach (Trindade) and northern Jabaquara remained stable or accreted. The study used UAV-derived orthoimages and digital surface models, shoreline mapping, and flood simulations to identify the most vulnerable zones—Jabaquara's coast, Paraty's central area, and Trindade's southwest sector—as hotspots for erosion and flooding, posing risks to urban and tourist infrastructure. This research highlights critical areas needing conservation and mitigation strategies to protect this culturally and biodiversely significant region.
Composition and distribution of fishes from the Perequê-Açu river basin, Paraty, Rio de Janeiro, Southeastern Brazil
A comprehensive study of the Perequê-Açu river basin in Paraty, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, reveals significant insights into its ichthyofaunal diversity. The research identified 23 native fish species across seven orders and ten families, with Cyprinodontiformes and Siluriformes dominating the composition, accounting for 87.2% of the total abundance. Notably, Phalloceros anisophallos and Schizolecis guntheri contributed to 63.2% of the sampled individuals. The study found that fish composition varies significantly across different sub-basins, with the Sertões River sub-basin exhibiting the highest species diversity (18 species). Additionally, approximately 78.3% of the drainage's species are residents, with a notable concentration in the Carrasquinho River sub-basin. The research utilized twelve sampling campaigns and employed statistical analyses such as PERMANOVA, PCoA, and SIMPER to assess distribution patterns and conservation status, providing critical data for understanding and protecting this understudied coastal drainage within the Atlantic Forest.
Ilha Grande, one of the locations with the most records of bat species (Mammalia, Chiroptera) in Rio de Janeiro state: results of a long-term ecological study
Ilha Grande, located within the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Paraty and Ilha Grande, stands out as one of the regions in Rio de Janeiro state with the highest records of bat species, both in terms of abundance and diversity. A long-term ecological study confirmed the presence of 36 bat species on the island by analyzing specimens from zoological collections and conducting mist net sampling in previously unstudied areas. The research compared five distinct studies conducted on Ilha Grande, each with varying objectives and sampling techniques, to 34 fauna inventories across Rio de Janeiro state. This comprehensive approach revealed that Ilha Grande not only boasts a rich bat diversity but also represents an area of significant capture effort, underscoring its importance for conservation efforts.
Ingestion of Microplastics by Benthic Marine Organisms in the Ilha Grande Bay Heritage Site on Southeastern Brazil
Researchers have documented the ingestion of microplastics (MPs) by two key benthic marine organisms—Ascidiacea and Amphipoda—in the Ilha Grande Bay, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in southeastern Brazil. The study highlights a significant environmental concern, as these organisms, integral to the bay's ecosystem, are affected by MPs, which disrupt behavior, consumption, and nutritional rates. The findings underscore the pervasive impact of plastic pollution on even remote heritage sites, despite their protected status. The research employed field sampling and laboratory analysis to assess MP ingestion levels, providing critical data on the extent of marine litter contamination in this globally recognized natural area.
Seasonality of stranded tetrapod fauna in the Paraty Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Strandings of marine tetrapods in Paraty Bay, Brazil, do not show significant seasonal variation, though patterns differ among groups. Over five years, 588 strandings were recorded, with green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) being the most abundant, followed by brown boobies (Sula leucogaster) and guianan dolphins (Sotalia guianensis). Bird species exhibited the highest richness, while marine mammals peaked in spring. The study analyzed temporal patterns to infer behavioral insights and population distributions, providing critical data for conservation efforts at this UNESCO World Heritage Site.
The introduction of Physa acuta (Gastropoda: Physidae) on Ilha Grande, Southeast Brazil, from initial stages to an established population
A four-year study on Ilha Grande, Brazil, revealed that the invasive snail Physa acuta established itself rapidly in a local stream, with population growth influenced by environmental factors like rainfall. Initially dominated by smaller specimens, the population shifted toward intermediate size classes within less than a year. This rapid establishment suggests potential ecological impacts on native species and provides critical insights into the invasion dynamics of non-native gastropods. The findings underscore the need for targeted conservation measures to mitigate the spread and effects of invasive freshwater snails in UNESCO-listed sites like Paraty and Ilha Grande, which are rich in both cultural heritage and biodiversity.
A cartografia social e os pct’s na escola: considerações sobre a experiência das comunidades caiçaras do pouso da cajaíba e da praia do sono (Paraty - RJ) / Social cartography and pct's in school: considerations about the experience of caiçaras communities in the pouso de cajaíba and praia do sono (Paraty - RJ)
A study on the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Paraty and Ilha Grande reveals how social cartography, when integrated into school projects, can effectively bridge daily community life with spatial representation processes. The research highlights that involving students in creating tourist guides through a decolonial approach fosters meaningful engagement with their environment. This method not only enhances spatial awareness but also strengthens socio-territorial connections within the Caiçara communities of Pouso da Cajaíba and Praia do Sono, located in Baía da Ilha Grande, Rio de Janeiro. The findings suggest that educational initiatives rooted in local contexts can be powerful tools for both learning and territorial identity.
A Espacialidade da Covid-19 e o Pandemônio em Meio a Pandemia nas Comunidades Tradicionais da Cajáiba – Paraty
The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated spatial inequalities, disrupting traditional subsistence patterns, particularly for coastal fishing communities in Cajaíba, Paraty. This study reveals how global economic pressures and local market dynamics have deepened social and health crises among these vulnerable groups, whose livelihoods depend on artisanal fishing. The research employs a critical analysis of spatial interactions to assess the pandemic's impact on community resilience and policy responses. Findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to mitigate the dual burden of health and economic vulnerability in isolated, traditionally reliant regions.
A Territorialização do Capital e as Estratégias de Resistência Camponesa em Paraty/RJ/ The Territorialization of Capital and Peasant Resistance Strategies in Paraty/RJ/ La Territorialización del Capital y las Estrategias de Resistencia Campesina en Paraty/RJ
Peasant communities in Paraty, Brazil, demonstrate resilience through diverse strategies to counter the encroachment of capital over the past six decades. This study reveals a multicultural and heterogeneous campesinato characterized by shared traits, employing both individual and collective tactics—ranging from daily resistance within production units to broader movements and political networks—to preserve their way of life amid rapid territorialization of economic power. The research adopts a qualitative approach, centering on peasant voices as active agents in shaping their history.
Assessing the histological changes in fish gills as environmental bioindicators in Paraty and Sepetiba bays in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Histological changes in the gills of two fish species, Menticirrhus americanus and Micropogonias furnieri, serve as effective bioindicators for assessing environmental quality in Paraty and Sepetiba bays, Brazil. The study found that Paraty Bay is in good conservation condition, while Sepetiba Bay exhibits significant contamination, evidenced by gill lesions such as epithelial lifting, aneurysm, and necrosis in fish collected from the area. Researchers analyzed a random sample of 58 fish to evaluate these histological biomarkers, which provide a reliable method for measuring environmental hazards and stressors. This approach highlights the potential of using specific fish species as sentinels for monitoring water quality and ecological health.
Dinâmica de Praia e Susceptibilidade às Ondas de Tempestades no Litoral da Ilha Grande (Angra dos Reis - Rj)
Praias da Ilha Grande (Angra dos Reis, RJ) apresentam dinâmica sedimentar e vulnerabilidade variada às ondas de tempestades. As praias voltadas para o oceano, como Lopes Mendes e Provetá, são mais dinâmicas e suscetíveis a ressacas, com correntes de deriva litorânea que formam canais submarinos proeminentes e causam erosão significativa, incluindo danos a infraestruturas. Tempestades de maior magnitude removem grandes quantidades de sedimentos, expondo raízes e derrubando árvores em Provetá, onde também são registrados prejuízos a casas no limite interno da praia. As praias voltadas para o continente, embora menos dinâmicas, também sofrem com ondulações fortes durante ressacas, afetando atividades de embarque e desembarque. O estudo analisou 72 perfis topográficos e 164 amostras de sedimentos em seis praias, identificando variações granulométricas e morfoscópicas, com predomínio de areia quartzosa subangular, fina a muito fina nas praias oceânicas e grossa a muito grossa nas continentais.
Ecomuseum Ilha Grande: musealization and collective construction
A groundbreaking approach to musealization at the Ecomuseum Ilha Grande demonstrates how community involvement can redefine heritage conservation and local development. The study highlights that integrating the perspectives of residents, particularly in Vila Dois Rios—where the ecomuseum is headquartered—enables a more inclusive and sustainable interpretation of territory and heritage. By employing an Experimental Laboratory methodology, the research treats the village as a living space for collective construction, blending theoretical frameworks with practical community engagement to shape the ecomuseum's identity and purpose. This model challenges traditional musealization practices by prioritizing participatory processes over top-down approaches, offering a scalable template for other UNESCO sites balancing cultural preservation with environmental stewardship.
Encounter rate and behavior of Alouatta guariba clamitans in the Ilha Grande State Park, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil
Research estimates the encounter rate, density, and population size of Alouatta guariba clamitans, a threatened species endemic to Brazil's Atlantic Forest, within Ilha Grande State Park. Findings indicate low encounter rates (0.04 ± 0.01 individuals per kilometer) and small group sizes, reinforcing urgent conservation needs due to yellow fever outbreaks that severely impacted Rio de Janeiro populations between 2017 and 2018. Data were collected over two periods (2003–2005 and 2009–2010), using distance sampling methods to assess behavior and ecological aspects, providing critical baseline data for future conservation strategies.
Host-related factors affecting the occurrence of tick on dogs in Ilha Grande, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil
A study on Ilha Grande, Brazil, revealed that dogs with street access, poor body condition, medium to large size, and undefined breeds had a higher occurrence of the tick species Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (s.l.). The research surveyed 388 dogs across 11 villages, finding ticks on 118 dogs, with R. sanguineus s.l. being the most prevalent at 28.87%. While dogs interacted with surrounding forests and wild animals, the prevalence of ticks associated with wildlife was low. This suggests that host-related factors play a significant role in tick infestation, even in areas with strict conservation policies.
Mixed site. Paraty and Ilha Grande – Culture and Biodiversity (Brazil)
Paraty and Ilha Grande, Brazil, stand as a testament to the harmonious coexistence of cultural heritage and biodiversity, recognized by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. This mixed site is celebrated for its exceptionally well-preserved historic center, which remains one of the most vibrant and intact urban landscapes globally. The designation underscores its significance in preserving both natural and cultural properties, marking 41 years since the inception of the World Heritage list in 1978. The site's architectural and artistic treasures, coupled with its rich biodiversity, exemplify the importance of safeguarding such unique environments for future generations.
Non-marine invasive gastropods on Ilha Grande (Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil): distribution and implications for conservation
A new inventory of non-marine invasive gastropods on Ilha Grande, Brazil, reveals three species—Melanoides tuberculata, Physa acuta, and Achatina fulica—with the latter being the most widespread, found in 16 villages. Most records were concentrated in anthropogenic areas, likely due to accessibility, but one was documented within a conservation area, raising concerns about potential ecological impacts. The study highlights the need for targeted conservation efforts to mitigate the spread of these invasive species, which pose significant threats to local biodiversity.
Panstrongylus geniculatus (Latreille, 1811) (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae): first record on Ilha Grande, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Researchers report the first documented presence of Panstrongylus geniculatus, a triatomine bug species known to transmit Chagas disease, inside a building on Ilha Grande, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. This discovery highlights a potential risk for local Chagas disease transmission, as P. geniculatus is frequently found infected with Trypanosoma cruzi, the parasite responsible for the disease. The study, conducted at the 'Centro de Estudos Ambientais e Desenvolvimento Sustentável' in Vila Dois Rios, contributes to understanding the species' distribution and its implications for public health in UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
Threatened Flora of Ilha Grande, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil
Ilha Grande, Brazil, hosts 49 threatened plant species, with 12 listed internationally and 30 on Brazil's national list. The study, using herbaria data, living collections, and field sampling, found that deforestation and logging are the primary historical threats, affecting predominantly arboreal species. Families like Melastomataceae, Myrtaceae, Meliaceae, Bromeliaceae, and Orchidaceae, which are rich in Dense Ombrophilous Forest, also have the highest number of threatened species. Four species on the island are endemic to Rio de Janeiro State.
Unidades de Conservação e Comunidades Tradicionais: Um Olhar acerca da Comunidade Caiçara na Vila de São Gonçalo, no Mosaico da Bocaina em Paraty – Rj
This study highlights the harmonious relationship between the traditional Caiçara community and environmental conservation within the Bocaina Mosaic. It demonstrates how the community's indigenous knowledge and practices contribute significantly to the preservation of the Parque Nacional da Serra da Bocaina in Paraty, Rio de Janeiro. The research, conducted through fieldwork at São Gonçalo village, emphasizes the importance of integrating traditional ecological knowledge with conservation strategies to maintain biodiversity and environmental sustainability.
Analysis of Performance and Opportunity for Improvements in the Microgrid of Ilha Grande
Refurbishment of the microgrid on Ilha Grande, Brazil, led to significant improvements in efficiency and power quality. The study compared pre- and post-refurbishment performance, demonstrating enhanced system reliability and capacity to meet growing energy demands. This analysis highlights the potential of microgrids as sustainable solutions for remote islands, offering insights into optimizing existing infrastructure while addressing end-of-life equipment challenges.
Articulation and Negotiation in the Rural Territorial Council of Ilha Grande Bay for Productive inclusion
The Rural Territorial Council of Ilha Grande Bay (BIG) has emerged as a pivotal arena for productive inclusion, fostering sustainable rural development through strategic articulation and negotiation among civil society actors. This study reveals that the Council's proactive engagement has significantly widened market opportunities and strengthened commercialization pathways for rural communities, demonstrating its effectiveness in bridging institutional gaps over three and a half years of research. Employing participant observation, action research, bibliographical analysis, documentary review, and semi-structured interviews, the research highlights how this collaborative network has advanced public interest strategies while promoting social protagonism.
Avaliação de Impactos e Danos Ambientais em Zonas Costeiras do Brasil - Angra dos Reis e Paraty
Coastal areas in Rio de Janeiro, including the UNESCO World Heritage Sites of Paraty and Ilha Grande, face significant environmental degradation due to human activities. This study identifies critical impacts on biodiversity and quality of life, using the Pressure-State-Impact-Response (PSIR) framework. Findings reveal urgent needs for improved urban infrastructure, which directly affects public health, while also highlighting positive conservation efforts such as the maintenance of protected areas and Paraty's adherence to the Green Passport initiative. The research combines bibliographic data analysis with visual representations to inform strategies for mitigating environmental pressures and enhancing biodiversity preservation.
Carbon Flow for Plankton Metabolism of Saco do Mamanguá Ría, Bay of Ilha Grande, a Subtropical Coastal Environment in the South Brazil Bight
In the subtropical coastal waters of Saco do Mamanguá Ría, part of Brazil's Bay of Ilha Grande, autotrophic plankton production does not balance the ecosystem’s carbon metabolism. Research reveals a persistent net community production deficit—ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 mg m⁻² d⁻¹—suggesting heterotrophic respiration exceeds primary production. The study proposes that nano-heterotroph grazing on bacteria may offset this imbalance, a finding applicable to broader meso-oligotrophic Brazilian shelf waters. The investigation analyzed photosynthetic carbon fixation and plankton metabolism over time, employing field measurements and ecological modeling to quantify carbon flow dynamics.
Differentiated Education and Community-Based Tourism in the Caiçara Territories of Paraty (RJ)
A differentiated education model implemented in Caiçara communities of Paraty, Brazil, demonstrates potential to enhance community-based tourism by fostering autonomy and belonging. The initiative, launched in 2016, adapts middle school curricula to local realities while addressing the communities' shift toward sustainable tourism development. Through semi-structured interviews, bibliographic research, and event participation, the study reveals that such education can contribute to organizing tourism in ways that prioritize community empowerment. This approach offers a blueprint for integrating educational innovation with ecological and cultural preservation in UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
Epífitas vasculares da mata de restinga da Praia do Sul, Ilha Grande, RJ, Brasil
A survey of vascular epiphytes in the restinga forest of Praia do Sul, Ilha Grande, Brazil, revealed 31 species, including nine new records for the island. The study, conducted across 52 subplots in the Reserva Biológica Estadual da Praia do Sul, identified a dominance of angiosperms (80.6%) and holoepiphytes (74.2%), with Araceae and Philodendron being the most species-rich family and genus, respectively. Most species are endemic to the Atlantic Forest (63%) and have unknown conservation statuses (74%). The findings underscore the ecological significance of Ilha Grande's restinga forests for epiphyte biodiversity and highlight urgent conservation needs.
Geographic distribution of Phalloceros Eigenmann, 1907 (Cyprinodontiformes, Poeciliidae) in the Ilha Grande Bay Hydrographic Region, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
A new study identifies five species of Phalloceros fish within the Ilha Grande Bay Hydrographic Region, Brazil—Phalloceros anisophallos, P. aspilos, P. enneaktinos, P. harpagos, and P. tupinamba—with two (P. harpagos and P. tupinamba) recorded for the first time in the area. The research expands the known geographic ranges of P. anisophallos and P. enneaktinos while revealing distinct morphological lineages based on female urogenital papilla structures, which influence species distribution patterns: sympatric occurrence is possible across different lineages, but allopatry is observed within the same lineage. The study analyzed 81 samples and provides a key for species identification, contributing to biodiversity documentation in this UNESCO-listed region.
Geoturismo como Alternativa ao Turismo de Massa na Vila de Trindade, Litoral do Parque Nacional da Serra da Bocaina – Paraty (Rio de Janeiro)
Geotourism emerges as a viable alternative to mass tourism in the Vila de Trindade, located on the coast of Paraty's Serra da Bocaina National Park. The study highlights the area's geodiversity and cultural heritage, particularly the caiçara culture, while proposing sustainable activities that promote conservation and local community engagement. By analyzing the region's intrinsic, cultural, aesthetic, economic, functional, and scientific/educational values, researchers identified key strategies for geoconservation. Notably, initiatives like the Escola do Mar, which promotes caiçara culture, play a crucial role in achieving geotourism goals. The findings underscore the need for increased awareness of geopatrimony to mitigate the impacts of mass tourism on UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
Participatory Design of a Monitoring Protocol for the Small-Scale Fisheries at the Community of Tarituba, Paraty, RJ, Brazil
A participatory monitoring protocol for small-scale fisheries in Tarituba, Brazil, revealed the potential of integrating fishers' knowledge with scientific approaches to address socioecological sustainability challenges. The study employed SocMon, a pioneering method that improved communication between fishers and managers, reinforcing legitimacy through community involvement. However, delays in implementing agreed-upon terms led to frustration and mistrust among fishers, highlighting critical barriers to long-term engagement. This research underscores the importance of timely action and sustained collaboration in balancing conservation goals with local livelihoods within protected areas.
Quilombo Campinho da Independência, Paraty (RJ): território étnico e a luta por uma educação diferenciada
A groundbreaking study from the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Paraty and Ilha Grande, Brazil, highlights the transformative potential of differentiated education within Quilombo communities. The research, conducted between 2012 and 2019, reveals how the Campinho da Independência community in Paraty has successfully implemented an education model rooted in its territory's pedagogy, reflecting counter-hegemonic and decolonial struggles. Through ethnographic methods, interviews with political leaders, and analysis of official documents, the study demonstrates that such experiences can serve as a blueprint for inclusive educational practices, even amid political challenges. This work underscores the importance of recognizing and supporting community-driven educational initiatives in marginalized territories.
Bibliographical Checklist of marine and estuarine phytobenthos of Ilha Grande, Ilha Grande state park, Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Ilha Grande, Brazil, hosts the richest insular marine benthic flora documented on the Brazilian coast, with 256 phytobenthic taxa recorded. The study, a taxonomically updated floristic inventory and bibliographical summary, identifies Rhodophyta (156 taxa), Chlorophyta (51 taxa), and Ochrophyta (49 taxa) as the dominant divisions. Predominant orders include Ceramiales (red algae, 49%), Ectocarpales (brown algae, 29%), and Cladophorales (green algae, 45%). Notably, Ulva flexuosa subsp. flexuosa and Ulva fasciata (green algae) each account for 40% of occurrences, while Padina gymnospora (brown algae) and Gelidium sp. (red algae) are also highly frequent. The research synthesizes 26 studies from 1928 to 2016, categorizing surveys into taxonomical, inventory, and ecological studies across the island's buffer zone.
Caracterização de Atributos do Solo de Trilhas Ecoturísticas em Unidades de Conservação do Município de Paraty (RJ)
A study on the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Paraty and Ilha Grande (Brazil) reveals that ecotourism trails, particularly those with straight alignments, can significantly accelerate soil erosion and degradation in tropical moist environments. Researchers analyzed two trails in the Reserva Ecológica da Juatinga (REJ) and Parque Nacional da Serra da Bocaina (PNSB), finding that most erosive features emerged post-implementation due to factors like vegetation removal and slope steepness. Soil properties, including texture, density, and organic matter content, were critical in determining trail difficulty—high fine particle concentrations (areia fina + silte >45%) correlated with medium (PNSB) and high (REJ) difficulty levels. The study underscores the need for careful planning to mitigate ecological impacts of ecotourism.
Distribution of cysts of Strongyluris sp. (Nematoda) in the pallial system of Achatina fulica Bowdich, 1822 from Vila Dois Rios and Vila do Abraão, Ilha Grande, Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro
Research on the distribution of Strongyluris sp. cysts in the pallial system of Achatina fulica reveals that larger mollusks, particularly those over 9 cm in size, exhibit significantly higher cyst abundance compared to smaller individuals. This pattern was observed in two coastal villages, Vila Dois Rios (VDR) and Vila do Abraão (ABR), on Ilha Grande, Brazil. The study suggests that the increased hemolymph circulation in larger specimens may facilitate nutrient delivery for parasite larvae development, or that longer exposure to parasites allows more extensive colonization. No significant differences were found between the two locations regarding cyst abundance. The findings highlight a potential relationship between host size and parasite load, offering insights into the ecological dynamics of this nematode-mollusk interaction.
Environmental Educommunication and Ecology of Knowledge in the Caiçara Community of Praia do Sono, Paraty, RJ, Brazil
A pilot environmental education project in Praia do Sono, Brazil, successfully integrated ecological sanitation with local traditional knowledge through the principles of Environmental Educommunication and Ecology of Knowledge. This approach, developed by the Observatory of Sustainable and Healthy Territories of Bocaina (OSHT) in collaboration with local communities, demonstrated how participatory methods can promote equity while addressing territorial needs. Using qualitative methodologies like participant observation, the study highlighted the effectiveness of a teaching-learning strategy that engaged students and local agents, fostering diverse knowledge forms. The findings underscore the potential of such strategies to bridge gaps between scientific and traditional knowledge in vulnerable regions.
Flip 2: Sob a Máscara do Fetichismo da Mercadoria sobre a Segunda Edição da Festa Literária de Paraty
The second edition of the Festa Literária de Paraty (FLIP), held from July 7 to 11, 2004, in the historic city of Paraty, Brazil, revealed how cultural heritage sites can both preserve their colonial-era architectural legacy and adapt to modern economic pressures. Despite the decline of its gold and coffee booms, Paraty retained enough of its original structure to be designated a national historical monument, illustrating the resilience of heritage conservation amid economic shifts. The study analyzes this paradox through the lens of commodity fetishism, examining how market forces interact with cultural preservation efforts in UNESCO-recognized sites.
Impactos socioambientais do turismo na Ilha Grande–RJ
Tourism on Ilha Grande, Brazil, has rapidly expanded since the 1980s, leading to significant socioenvironmental impacts. The study highlights a mismatch between increasing tourist numbers and the island's infrastructure capacity, resulting in negative environmental consequences. Additionally, it identifies limited environmental education, low community organization among locals, and cultural clashes due to interactions with tourists. The research suggests that empowering local communities could mitigate these issues by involving them in infrastructure development, environmental education, and cross-cultural engagement while preserving their authenticity.
Paleovegetação da Ilha Grande (Rio de Janeiro) no Holoceno através do estudo de fitólitos e isótopos do carbono (Paleovegetation of Ilha Grande (Rio de Janeiro) in the Holocene through the study of phytoliths and carbon isotopes)
A study of Ilha Grande, Brazil, reveals that the island's vegetation has remained predominantly arboreal and stable over the last 4,000 years, mirroring current conditions. Using phytolith analysis and carbon isotope measurements, researchers found a consistent dominance of C3 plants, indicative of rainforest cover, suggesting long-term bioclimatic equilibrium. While erosion due to high rainfall and relief gradient has altered fossil phytoliths, the study highlights the resilience of Ilha Grande's Atlantic Forest ecosystem under varying environmental pressures.
Povos tradicionais caiçaras, educação escolar e justiça ambiental na Península da Juatinga, Paraty-RJ
Traditional Caiçara communities in the Juatinga Peninsula, Paraty-RJ, face environmental injustice and expropriation, which are exacerbated by systemic social domination. Their struggle for access to school education emerges as a critical component of their resistance, serving as both a means to preserve their cultural identity and a tool to challenge these injustices. The study highlights how education becomes integral to the reproduction of traditional ways of life, positioning it as a focal point in the broader context of environmental justice. By analyzing the interplay between educational access, social domination, and environmental pressures, this research underscores the urgent need for policies that recognize and support the rights of these communities.
The Herpetofauna from Ilha Grande (Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil): updating species composition, richness, distribution and endemisms
Ilha Grande, a significant continental island within Brazil's Atlantic Forest Biome, houses 74 species of amphibians and reptiles, including high levels of endemism. This study updates the herpetofaunal list for the island, adding 14 species (three amphibians and eleven reptiles) while removing one previously recorded species. The findings highlight Ilha Grande's role as a critical reservoir of biodiversity and endemism in the Atlantic Forest, emphasizing its conservation importance. The research combines primary fieldwork data with secondary sources from institutional collections and literature to assess species composition, richness, distribution, and endemism.
Abundance of the reef-building Petaloconchus varians (Gastropoda: Vermetidae) on intertidal rocky shores at Ilha Grande Bay, southeastern Brazil
A recent study reveals that reefs formed by the vermetid gastropod Petaloconchus varians are becoming dominant features of intertidal rocky shores in Ilha Grande Bay, southeastern Brazil. Previously thought to have declined in the region mid-20th century, P. varians now constructs extensive reefs with densities ranging from 620 to 2,559 individuals per 100 cm² and weights up to 1,500 g per 100 cm². These reefs form wide belts (38 cm to 2 m) along the middle intertidal zone across sites with varying wave exposure and slopes (10° to 46°). The study suggests a potential resurgence of P. varians, contributing critical insights into local ecological dynamics within this UNESCO-listed site.
Análise da erodibilidade de um Cambissolo por meio de um transecto em encosta íngreme da bacia hidrográfica do rio Pequeno, Paraty – RJ
A study on the erodibility of a Cambissolo (a type of soil) along a steep slope transect in Paraty, Brazil, revealed that despite low erodibility, the land poses significant restrictions for agricultural activities due to its steep gradient and naturally low fertility. Researchers analyzed soil attributes such as granulometry, bulk density, total porosity, aggregate stability, organic matter, pH, and fertility across the transect. The findings highlight the dual challenge of preserving this UNESCO World Heritage Site's biodiversity while managing land use in a way that mitigates risks to soil stability.
Eventos Extremos de Precipitação no Perfil Longitudinal Paraty (RJ) - Campos do Jordão (SP)
Extreme precipitation events along the longitudinal profile from Paraty (RJ) to Campos do Jordão (SP), Brazil, exhibit significant variability, with some 24-hour rainfall events exceeding monthly averages by up to 138.9%. This finding highlights the unpredictability of extreme weather patterns in this region, which spans UNESCO World Heritage Sites known for their cultural and biodiversity significance. The study analyzed 21 years (1982–2002) of daily precipitation data using statistical methods, including central tendency analysis and box plots, to assess distribution and outliers. While general trends were observed through monthly averages, the box plot method provided a more detailed view of precipitation variability, enhancing the understanding of rainfall patterns in this ecologically and culturally rich area.
Factors Affecting Mammalian Encounter Rates in Transect Surveys: a Case Study in Ilha Grande State Park, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
A study on Ilha Grande State Park, Brazil, reveals that mammalian encounter rates during transect surveys are significantly influenced by animal activity periods, climate conditions, and transect location. Researchers found lower encounter rates in the northern part of the island, likely due to tourist interference and poaching pressure, which are linked to higher human densities. The study underscores the importance of considering these variables when estimating mammal population sizes using distance sampling techniques. Conducted between 2003 and 2005, the research involved 128 transects totaling 401.3 km and 382 hours, during which 163 individuals from nine mammalian species were recorded.
Group structure of Guiana dolphins, Sotalia guianensis (Cetacea, Delphinidae) in Ilha Grande Bay, Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil
A groundbreaking study reveals that Guiana dolphins (Sotalia guianensis) in Ilha Grande Bay, Brazil, exhibit highly variable group structures influenced by behavior and season. Researchers observed 1,314 groups, with a staggering 94.4% containing calves—a record high for the species—suggesting a protective strategy for underdeveloped individuals. Group sizes averaged 17.6 members, while cohesion levels varied significantly with behavioral states and seasonal changes. This work sheds light on the complex social dynamics of this 'data deficient' IUCN-listed species, offering critical insights for conservation efforts in an area increasingly threatened by human activities.
Navigating from government-centralised management to adaptive co-management in a marine protected area, Paraty, Brazil
A shift from centralized, government-led management to adaptive co-management can significantly improve the effectiveness of marine protected areas (MPAs), particularly for artisanal fisheries. This study highlights the successful implementation of a Term of Agreement between the Tamoios Marine Reserve in Paraty, Brazil, and the local community of Tarituba, which facilitated participatory social and ecological monitoring. The approach demonstrates that adaptive co-management, characterized by collaboration between government agencies and local stakeholders, can address the challenges of traditional top-down management while fostering sustainable fisheries practices. Key to this transition was the establishment of a framework that balanced conservation goals with community needs, offering a scalable model for other MPAs facing similar governance hurdles.
O encontro da militância com a vadiagem nas prisões da Ilha Grande
A study of prisons on Ilha Grande during the first half of the 20th century reveals how a punitive culture emerged to criminalize socially marginalized groups, particularly those labeled as 'vagabonds' in post-abolitionist Brazil. The research demonstrates that this concept was deeply embedded in legal frameworks, legislative thought, and even scientific texts, leading to systemic mistreatment of thousands. By analyzing interviews with prison guards from the Colônia Agrícola do Distrito Federal (1942) and examining historical documents, the study uncovers how these classifications were operationalized within the penal system, exposing the naturalization of discriminatory practices that targeted politically opposed groups alongside marginalized individuals.
Pescadores da Praia Grande, Paraty, RJ: aspectos da resiliência em seu sistema socioecológico
Researchers found that the fishing community of Praia Grande, Paraty, Brazil, exhibits mixed resilience traits in its socioecological system. While 59.1% of fishermen diversify their income through tourism and employ multiple fishing technologies—potentially reducing pressure on marine resources—they show low participation in decision-making processes, particularly amid conflicts with conservation units. However, the study highlights a strong capacity for learning, as fishermen recognize human-induced environmental changes and adapt their practices accordingly. This duality suggests that while some attributes foster adaptive resilience, others may exacerbate resource depletion. The findings were derived from semi-structured interviews conducted between 2012 and 2013 with 22 local fishermen, assessing flexibility, organizational capacity, and learning ability as key indicators of resilience.
Qualidade Física de um Cambissolo Háplico sob Diferentes Usos na Bacia do Córrego dos Micos, Paraty (RJ)
Research reveals significant soil degradation, particularly in cassava plantations within the Córrego dos Micos watershed in Paraty, Brazil, due to frequent burning practices. The study highlights how different land uses impact the physical quality of Haplic Cambisols, emphasizing the role of soil properties like texture, bulk density, and aggregate stability in assessing soil health. By comparing various land uses—including areas affected by burning—the findings underscore the need for integrated field surveys and laboratory analyses to guide sustainable soil management practices. This work provides critical insights for local communities to mitigate erosion and preserve biodiversity in this UNESCO-recognized cultural and biological landscape.
Smile, you are on camera or in a live trap! The role of mammals in dispersion of jackfruit and native seeds in Ilha Grande State Park, Brazil
Mammals in Ilha Grande State Park, Brazil, play both positive and negative roles in seed dispersal, significantly aiding the spread of invasive jackfruit trees while also dispersing native seeds. The study found that six mammal species, particularly Trinomys dimidiatus, Didelphis aurita, and Cuniculus paca, accounted for 92% of jackfruit predation and seed dispersal records. While Cuniculus paca and Trinomys dimidiatus dispersed both jackfruit seeds and native seeds, Didelphis aurita consumed only the mesocarp of jackfruit, contributing to its spread without aiding in seed dispersal. The research used video recordings and faecal analysis to observe that jackfruit production can exceed mammals' consumption capacity in high-density areas, leading to unchecked invasive spread. Additionally, small mammals dispersed more native seeds in areas without jackfruits, highlighting the complex interplay between invasive species and native ecosystems.
A unique subtidal vermetid reef formation in a nuclear power plant discharge area at Ilha Grande Bay (southwestern Atlantic Ocean)
Researchers have documented a unique subtidal vermetid reef formation dominated by Petaloconchus varians, extending over approximately 1,000 m² within the nuclear power plant discharge area of Ilha Grande Bay in Brazil. This monospecific reef, characterized by dense clusters resembling 'microatolls,' represents an unprecedented finding on the Brazilian coast, thriving under extreme conditions including high temperatures (>36°C), chlorine inputs, and strong waterflow currents (30 cm/s). The study describes the formation, density, and range extension of these reefs, highlighting their adaptation to anthropogenic stressors in a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The findings challenge assumptions about vermetid reef resilience and distribution, offering insights into the ecological impacts of nuclear discharge areas.
Centrocestus formosanus (Trematoda: Heterophyidae) in Melanoides tuberculata (Gastropoda: Thiaridae) from Vila do Abraão, Ilha Grande, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Researchers identified the heterophyid trematode Centrocestus formosanus in the invasive gastropod Melanoides tuberculata from Ilha Grande, Brazil. The parasite was detected in 21% of a sample of 483 specimens collected in June 2013, indicating its establishment in the region since 2007, following the introduction of M. tuberculata two years prior. The study involved experimental infections using pleurolophocercous cercariae to confirm the parasite's identity. Findings highlight the need for monitoring and control measures to assess potential environmental impacts, as these may currently be underestimated in Brazil.
Conflitos socioambientais na APA de Cairuçu (Paraty - RJ) à luz da sobreposição com unidades de conservação de diferentes categorias
A study on the APA de Cairuçu, Paraty, Rio de Janeiro, reveals significant socioenvironmental conflicts stemming from its overlapping management with other conservation units. These conflicts are exacerbated by the zoning proposed in the Management Plan, particularly in insular areas, and arise due to the duplication of regulatory frameworks across overlapping territories. The research combines bibliographic reviews with extensive social dialogues through fieldwork, providing insights into the challenges of managing such complex ecological corridors.
Governança turística em destinos brasileiros: comparação entre Armação dos Búzios/RJ, Paraty/RJ e Bonito/MS
A comparative analysis of tourism governance in three Brazilian destinations—Armação dos Búzios, Paraty, and Bonito—reveals shared characteristics such as coordinated decision-making and structured conflict resolution mechanisms. These findings highlight the importance of collaborative governance in shaping tourism dynamics, innovation, and sustainability. The study employed qualitative methods, including semi-structured interviews using a snowball sampling technique, alongside documentary analysis of official tourism documents. This approach allowed for an in-depth examination of how governance structures facilitate negotiation among stakeholders, ultimately influencing tourism development in these regions.
New records of bird species from Ilha Grande, state of Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil
A recent study significantly expands the known avian diversity of Ilha Grande, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in southeastern Brazil. Researchers identified 32 new bird species on the island, increasing its total from 222 to 254—representing one-third of Rio de Janeiro's recorded species. Among these, seven are endemic to the Atlantic Forest, including two with conservation concerns: Sporophila falcirostris (globally Vulnerable) and Haematopus palliatus (Near Threatened in Brazil). The study also documents the second record of Agelaioides badius for Rio de Janeiro state. By surveying new sites, the team suggests these findings may reflect both recent colonization and range expansions, while 13 species recorded are threatened at regional, national, or global levels. This update enhances our understanding of Ilha Grande's biodiversity and underscores its importance as a critical habitat.
Soil Fauna Communities and Soil Attributes in the Agroforests of Paraty
Agroforests in Paraty, Brazil, demonstrate remarkable resilience and ecological similarity to native secondary forests. A study comparing two agroforestry systems (AFS-1 and AFS-2), a secondary forest, and a cassava monoculture revealed that AFS-2 exhibited higher abundance of microphagous, saprophagous, and total soil fauna individuals during winter, while AFS-1 showed increased diversity in Formicidae and phytophagous groups from winter to summer. Soil chemical (pH, Al, Ca, Mg, P, K, carbon, organic matter) and microbiological attributes (soil microbial biomass carbon, soil respiration, metabolic quotient) were analyzed alongside soil fauna communities. The findings suggest that these agroforests are undergoing regeneration, mirroring the ecological efficiency of native forests. This research underscores the potential of agroforestry systems to support biodiversity while maintaining soil health.
Tourism, Heritage and Socio-Spatial Historical Cities Transformations. The case of Paraty
Paraty, Brazil's historic coastal city, exemplifies the dual-edged impact of tourism on heritage sites. Since its designation as a National Monument in 1966 and improved accessibility, Paraty has experienced significant socio-spatial transformations driven by tourism. While initial phases show economic growth through cultural commodification—aligning with David Harvey’s theories on monopolistic renda—the unchecked exploitation of historical assets risks long-term devaluation. This study employs interdisciplinary methods from geography, sociology, urbanism, and tourism to analyze how Paraty's heritage, leveraged as a tourist attraction, can either sustain or erode its economic and cultural appeal over time.
Ação política e afirmação territorial: turismo de base comunitária entre os caiçaras de São Gonçalo, Paraty, Rio de Janeiro
Community-based tourism among the Caiçaras of São Gonçalo, Paraty, Brazil, is revealed as a powerful political tool for territorial affirmation. This initiative leverages local knowledge to craft tourism routes that contextualize the community's historical struggles and cultural identity. The study synthesizes early reflections on this process, highlighting how traditional practices and ecological awareness are integrated into sustainable tourism models. By centering the Caiçara perspective, the research underscores the transformative potential of tourism as a means for social empowerment and environmental stewardship in UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
Avaliação do Impacto Socioambiental da Utilização de Trilhas na Reserva Ecológica da Juatinga em Paraty
A study evaluating the socioenvironmental impacts of trail use in Paraty and Ilha Grande's Reserva Ecológica da Juatinga (REJ) found significant degradation, including erosion features like ravinas and steps on one trail, while another suffered from high soil density due to overuse. The research used a perceptive methodology, observing impacts and analyzing soil samples at 0-10 cm depth to assess density, porosity, and texture. Findings highlight the need for trail recovery, improved drainage systems, and environmental education for users to mitigate these effects. The REJ's ongoing recategorization process adds complexity to its management.
Ecological Aspects of Phlebotomine Sand Flies (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) in Areas of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, in the Municipality of Paraty, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. I-Index of Abundance by Location and Type of Capture
A three-year study in Paraty, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, identified Lutzomyia intermedia as the primary vector of Leishmania braziliensis, a parasite causing diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis. The research, which collected 102,937 sand flies using various trapping methods, found that Lu. intermedia was most abundant inside homes and on their exteriors, while Lutzomyia fischeri also played a role in domestic environments. Lutzomyia migonei showed a strong affinity for kennels, suggesting its preference for canine habitats. Additionally, Lutzomyia whitmani exhibited signs of adaptation to anthropic environments, particularly near forest edges. The study highlights the ecological complexity of sand fly populations and their role in leishmaniasis transmission within both domestic and wild settings.
Invasion of the alien gecko Hemidactylus mabouia(Moureau de Jonnès, 1818) in a natural habitat at Praia do Sul Biological Reserve, Ilha Grande, RJ, Brazil
A study documents the invasion of the alien gecko Hemidactylus mabouia into the natural habitat of Praia do Sul Biological Reserve, Ilha Grande, Brazil. This invasive species, native to tropical regions, has been rapidly expanding its range, posing a threat to local biodiversity. Researchers employed field surveys and ecological observations to assess the impact of this invasion on the reserve's ecosystem. The findings highlight the urgent need for monitoring and management strategies to mitigate the potential ecological consequences of this invasive gecko population.
Pb Isotopes Study in Recent Sediments from Paraty Bay (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil): Antropogenic Versus Oceanic Signatures
A study of lead (Pb) isotopes in sediments from Paraty Bay, Brazil, reveals distinct isotopic signatures that differentiate anthropogenic pollution from oceanic sources. The research identifies three groups of Pb isotope ratios: one linked to an unidentified pollutant source, another suggesting a mix of continental pollutants and oceanic water, and the third representing clear oceanic influence. These findings highlight significant isotopic differences due to human activities, providing a valuable tool for tracing changing pollutant sources in marine environments. The study used sediment samples from two sectors of Paraty Bay, analyzing Pb isotope ratios (208Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb, 206Pb/204Pb) via MC-ICP-MS to discriminate between domestic sewage, industrial, and geogenic sources.
Policy dimensions of land-use change in peri-urban floodplains: the case of Paraty
A study on the peri-urban floodplains of Paraty, Brazil, reveals that land-use policies significantly influence ecological outcomes and community resilience. The research highlights how urban expansion, agricultural encroachment, and conservation efforts interact to shape biodiversity and floodplain dynamics. By analyzing policy impacts over time, the authors demonstrate that effective governance can mitigate negative environmental effects while supporting sustainable development. This case study provides critical insights for balancing urban growth with ecological preservation in UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
Taxonomy and distribution of non-geniculate coralline red algae (Corallinales, Rhodophyta) on rocky reefs from Ilha Grande Bay, Brazil
A first record of the non-geniculate coralline red alga Hydrolithon reinboldii from Brazil was documented, alongside two other common species (Lithophyllum corallinae and L. stictaeforme) in Ilha Grande Bay's rocky reefs. This study identifies these algae as key structuring elements in benthic environments, contributing to ecological processes. Morphological and anatomical observations were used to describe the species and provide an identification key. The findings highlight the importance of non-geniculate coralline red algae in maintaining the biodiversity and structural integrity of rocky reef ecosystems along the Brazilian coast.
The Tourismization of Ilha Grande, Brazil
Tourismization reshapes social norms and community dynamics on Ilha Grande, Brazil. This study introduces the concept of tourismization—rooted in Norbert Elias’s sociological framework—to analyze how tourism-driven changes redefine local configurations, customs, and societal relationships. By adopting an anthropological perspective, the research demonstrates that tourism acts as a mediator, imposing new rules and altering traditional practices. The findings highlight the transformative impact of tourism on communities, emphasizing its role in restructuring social hierarchies and individual behaviors within UNESCO-listed sites.
Trajetórias do patrimônio cultural e os sentidos dos seus usos em Paraty (RJ)
Research reveals that the preservation of colonial sites in Brazil, through abandonment or institutional protection, has become a catalyst for economic growth and tourism development in recent decades. This study highlights how the process of cultural patrimonialization in Paraty, Rio de Janeiro, often aligns with urban renewal and increased touristification, raising important questions about balancing heritage conservation with sustainable development. The research employs empirical analysis to explore these dynamics, emphasizing the need for integrated planning that considers the interplay between cultural heritage, tourism valorization, and territorial management.
Análises físico-químicas do corpo hídrico na fazenda São Gonçalo em Paraty (RJ)
Water quality parameters in the Rio São Gonçalo, Paraty, Brazil, exhibited significant seasonal variation. Temperature ranged from 21.19°C to 27.62°C, while salinity remained negligible (average 0.13) across eight sampling points. Dissolved oxygen levels varied between 8.25 mg/L and 15.79 mg/L, indicating potential hypoxia in certain sections. pH values were consistently acidic, averaging 4.2, with a range of 3.81 to 4.8, while Redox potential fluctuated from 95.5 to 180.7 mV. These findings suggest seasonal and spatial heterogeneity in water chemistry, which may impact aquatic ecosystems within the Atlantic Forest biodiversity corridor. The study employed multiparameter probes for real-time measurements during two distinct sampling periods (April and October 2011), providing a snapshot of environmental conditions critical to UNESCO-listed Paraty and Ilha Grande's conservation.
Degradação de trilhas na Reserva Ecológica da Juatinga em Paraty – Rio de Janeiro
A study on the degradation of hiking trails in the Reserva Ecológica da Juatinga, Paraty, Rio de Janeiro, reveals significant environmental impacts due to improper planning and implementation. The trail Praia do Sono-Praia de Antigos is notably degraded, with soil aggregation indices below 1 mm and organic matter content under 3.5%, alongside frequent ravines. These findings underscore the need for urgent recovery efforts using appropriate management techniques such as drainage channels and geotextiles to restore slopes and vegetation. The research analyzed soil metrics and observed degradation patterns, providing critical insights for sustainable trail management in protected areas.
Desafios para o ecoturismo no Parque Nacional da Serra da Bocaina: o caso da Vila de Trindade (Paraty, RJ)
A study on the potential of ecoturism in Trindade, a village within Paraty (RJ) and partially inside the Bocaina Mountains National Park, reveals that while local inhabitants perceive increased tourism as an economic advantage, it is also seen as a threat to biodiversity conservation due to heightened anthropic pressure. The research, based on bibliographic reviews, document analysis, and in-depth interviews with local leaders, highlights the challenges of balancing tourist demands with the preservation of natural resources and traditional activities. Despite these tensions, ecoturism remains a promising but yet-to-be-realized potential for sustainable development in the region.
Distribuição espaço-temporal da precipitação na Região Hidrográfica da Baía da Ilha Grande-RJ
Research on the hydrographic region of Ilha Grande Bay (RHBIG) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, reveals that precipitation distribution is strongly influenced by topography and proximity to the coast. The study analyzed data from 31 rain gauges using interpolation techniques and correlation analysis with physiographic variables such as slope, aspect, altitude, and distance from the coastline. Findings indicate that altitude and coastal proximity are the most significant factors affecting both annual and seasonal precipitation patterns in this region, known for its high rainfall indices due to dynamic atmospheric conditions and the presence of the Serra do Mar escarpments.
First record of the vermetid Petaloconchus varians (d’Orbigny, 1841) on floating marine debris at Ilha Grande, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Researchers document the first record of the vermetid gastropod Petaloconchus varians rafting on floating marine debris at Ilha Grande, Brazil. This discovery suggests potential for broader distribution through anthropogenic mechanisms, raising concerns about invasive species spread due to increasing waste production. The study highlights the need for further investigation into vermetid dispersion via floating debris, given their high invasion potential in coastal ecosystems.
First records of Freshwater Bivalves of Ilha Grande National Park, Paraná, Brazil
A pioneering study has documented the first records of freshwater bivalves in the floodplain lagoons of Ilha Grande National Park, Paraná, Brazil. The research identified three species: native Pisidium and Diplodon, as well as the invasive Corbicula fluminea. Notably, Diplodon showed highest densities in São João/C lake, while Pisidium sterkianum was prevalent in São João/M lake. The invasive C. fluminea thrived in Jatobá/C lagoon, highlighting its ecological impact. The study underscores the role of abiotic factors—such as granulometric texture, organic matter, and macrophyte banks—in shaping bivalve distribution. These findings are significant for conservation efforts, as they reveal the park's lagoons as potential refuges for native species in the Upper Paraná River floodplain, an area with long gaps in records. The research contributes to understanding the ecology of these mollusks while emphasizing the importance of protecting these heterogeneous lacustrine environments.
Impactos Ambientais do Turismo: um Estudo sobre a Percepção de Moradores e Turistas no Município de Paraty-RJ
Both residents and tourists in Paraty, Brazil, recognize the significant environmental damage caused by tourism, though locals exhibit greater pessimism. The study highlights the need for improved tourism planning and coordinated policies to prioritize environmental conservation and sustainable practices. Researchers used random questionnaires to assess perceptions of natural, transformed, and sociocultural environments, revealing a shared but differing awareness among stakeholders.
Life history aspects ofPhalloceros anisophallosLucinda, 2008 (Osteichthyes, Poeciliidae) from Córrego Andorinha, Ilha Grande (RJ, Brazil)
A rare reproductive pattern in the Poeciliidae family was identified in Phalloceros anisophallos, a fish species from Córrego Andorinha, Ilha Grande (RJ, Brazil). The study revealed that while superfetation—a simultaneous development of multiple broods—was absent, there was significant matrotrophy, where the dry weight of developing embryos increased substantially. This combination of traits is uncommon in Poeciliidae but appears typical for the genus Phalloceros. The research also found year-round reproduction with a slight reduction around April and noted that males were smaller and less abundant than females. The study analyzed brood size, reproductive season, length-weight relationships, and female weight-brood size dynamics to uncover these insights.
Passalidae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) from Ilha Grande (Angra dos Reis, RJ) with new diagnosis and distributional records in Brazil
A survey of Passalidae beetles on Ilha Grande, Brazil, reveals 13 species across four genera and two tribes, with Passalus (P.) denticollis and Veturius (V.) transversus dominating in abundance. Notably, 12 species are recorded for the first time from this site, including Spasalus cristinae, whose distribution is extended to Rio de Janeiro state. The study, based on collections from 2008, provides diagnostic illustrations and a key for genera, contributing new distributional data to Brazilian biodiversity records.
Sponges from the Ilha Grande Bay, Rio de Janeiro State: two new records for Brazilian south-east region
Researchers have documented two new sponge species in Ilha Grande Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Iotrochota arenosa and Echinodictyum dendroides. This marks the first record of these species for Brazil and the southeastern coast, respectively. Additionally, the genus Echinodictyum was redefined to clarify its morphological variations compared to Caribbean specimens. The study highlights Ilha Grande Bay's ecological significance as a biodiversity hotspot within Angra dos Reis, contributing valuable data to marine conservation efforts in UNESCO-recognized areas.
Tem que Partir daqui, é da Gente: a Construção de uma Escola Outra no Quilombo Campinho da Independência, Paraty, RJ
This research highlights the emergence of a distinct educational model within the quilombo community of Campinho da Independência, Paraty, RJ, rooted in decolonial principles. It reveals how the community's struggle for recognition of its ancestral knowledge and cultural specificities has shaped an alternative school system that challenges dominant educational norms. The study employs a case study approach, combining participant observation and interviews, to demonstrate the community's agency in constructing an education system that values quilombola culture and epistemologies. This work contributes significantly to discussions on decolonial education by showcasing the potential for localized, culturally relevant pedagogies to emerge from marginalized communities before formal legal recognition.
Turismo comunitário, tradicionalidade e reserva de desenvolvimento sustentável na defesa do território nativo: aventureiro-Ilha Grande/RJ
Community-based tourism in Vila do Aventureiro, Ilha Grande, Brazil, serves as a model for sustaining local livelihoods and culture while defending indigenous territories. This study reveals that such tourism, driven exclusively by native populations, interacts synergistically with the recent recategorization of the area as a Sustainable Development Reserve (RDS), mutually reinforcing each other's goals. Through qualitative ethnographic research conducted in 2003/2004 and 2008–2010, the study captures local perceptions, emerging social dynamics, and innovative strategies for economic sustainability and cultural preservation amid the challenges of restrictive conservation policies. This approach offers a reflective framework for balancing development with biodiversity protection in UNESCO-listed sites.
Desenvolvimento de espécies arbóreas em sistemas agroflorestais para recuperação de áreas degradadas na floresta ombrófila densa, Paraty, RJ
Research demonstrates that 'mixed' planting (two plants per hole) in agroforestry systems significantly enhances tree species growth, regardless of whether leguminous or non-leguminous species are used. This approach shows promise for silvicultural production and the restoration of degraded areas within the dense Atlantic Forest at Paraty, Brazil. The study measured stem circumference, commercial height, and total height four years after planting, revealing that mixed planting outperforms single-planting methods in terms of growth efficiency. These findings provide a practical strategy for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem recovery in UNESCO-listed sites like Paraty and Ilha Grande.
Impactos Ambientais Causados pela Utilização de Trilhas na Reserva Ecológica da Joatinga, Paraty, RJ
Tourism significantly impacts the ecological integrity of trails within Brazil's Reserva Ecológica da Joatinga. Researchers identified severe degradation, including litter accumulation, erosion, and burned areas along two popular trails: Praia do Sono - Praia de Antigos and Enseada de Ponta Negra – Praia de Galhetas. The study employed perceptual methodologies to assess trail characteristics, such as size, obstacles (degraus, roots, rocks), and degradation levels. Findings reveal that despite the site's protective status, tourism-induced damage is widespread, posing risks to biodiversity conservation efforts.
Leishmaniasis transmission in an ecotourism area: potential vectors in Ilha Grande, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil
A study on Ilha Grande, a popular ecotourism destination in Brazil's Rio de Janeiro State, reveals concerning findings about leishmaniasis transmission. Researchers identified five sand fly species as potential vectors for the disease, including Lutzomyia (Nyssomyia) intermedia and L. migonei, with the latter showing a high natural infection rate (10.3%) by Leishmania (Viannia) sp., likely L. (V.) braziliensis. The presence of L. (Lutzomyia) longipalpis, linked to visceral leishmaniasis, and L. (N.) flaviscutellata, associated with diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis, was also confirmed in peridomestic areas. The study highlights the epidemiological significance of these vectors, particularly for tourists visiting Ilha Grande, and emphasizes the need for health education to mitigate disease burden.
Organotin pollution from pleasure craft at Paraty, a tourist area of Southeastern Brazil: amelioration or interference?
Despite the global ban on organotins, persistent levels of tributyltin (TBT) and its breakdown products dibutyltin (DBT) and monobutyltin (MBT) were detected in mangrove sediments at Paraty, a UNESCO World Heritage Site known for its culture and biodiversity. The study found TBT concentrations ranging from 16.0 to 205.7 ng Sn g-1, even at reference sites, indicating ongoing illegal use on small pleasure craft. Increased imposex incidence in the gastropod Stramonita haemastoma suggests recent TBT inputs, potentially interfering with endocrine disruption assessments. The research highlights the need for stricter enforcement and monitoring to mitigate environmental impacts in this ecologically significant tourist area.
Parental care behavior in the Guiana dolphin, Sotalia guianensis (Cetacea: Delphinidae), in Ilha Grande Bay, southeastern Brazil
Research reveals that the Guiana dolphin, Sotalia guianensis, exhibits high-intensity parental care, particularly in larger groups and during travel. This behavior likely maximizes hydrodynamic efficiency while minimizing risks, with feeding dynamics showing a more random pattern compared to other states. Calves receive significantly more intense care than juveniles, suggesting potential parent-offspring conflict. The study, conducted in Ilha Grande Bay, southeastern Brazil, quantified parental care intensity, examined its influence on behavioral states and group size, and compared care levels between calves and juveniles using observational data.
Pesca artesanal na Baía de Ilha Grande, no Rio de Janeiro: conflitos com unidades de conservação e novas possibilidades de gestão
A preliminary analysis of conflicts between artisanal fishing and the Tamoios Ecological Station (ESEC Tamoios) in Ilha Grande Bay, Rio de Janeiro, reveals significant potential for sustainable co-management. The study highlights the G-PESCA-BIG project—a locally known 'Fishing Agreement'—as a promising initiative to address socioenvironmental conflicts, leveraging the high mobilization and organization of local fishermen. This research stands out due to its focus on a rare example of successful natural resource co-management in Brazil, particularly in fisheries, offering insights into resolving complex local challenges through participatory governance.
Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB) congener concentrations in aquatic birds. Case study: Ilha Grande Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
A study analyzing livers of aquatic birds from Ilha Grande Bay, Brazil, found relatively low levels of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners but highlighted potential widespread biological and mutagenic risks. The research, conducted between 2005 and 2010, examined 16 PCB congeners in four bird species: Egretta caerulea, Nycticorax nycticorax, Egretta thula, and Ardea cocoi. Statistical analysis using Origin software revealed significant differences in congener concentrations, suggesting environmental contamination could pose risks to trophic levels and human health. The findings underscore the importance of monitoring PCB exposure in aquatic ecosystems.
Recuperação da cobertura vegetal do Quilombo do Cabral em Paraty, RJ – bases de um projeto socio-ambiental de extensão
A collaborative project successfully restored approximately 35 to 40% of the degraded area within Quilombo do Cabral, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Paraty, RJ, Brazil. The initiative, spanning three years, employed carbon offset funding to plant around 8,000 trees along highway verges and implemented fire reduction techniques, soil preservation strategies, and agro-forestry systems (SAF). These efforts aimed to reconnect forest fragments while engaging the local community in socio-environmental conservation. The project, coordinated by an interagency group including LEPAC/UNICAMP, EMBRAPA, UFRRJ, ICMBio, SEDUMA, and Carbono Florestal, identified priority areas for biological corridors and SAF through prior consultations and field surveys. This study highlights the potential of integrated approaches in restoring degraded landscapes while addressing both ecological and social dimensions.
Territorialidades caiçaras do tempo de antigamente ao tempo de hoje em dia em Paraty, RJ (Vila Oratório, Praia do Sono, Ponta Negra e Martim de Sá)
This study reveals significant transformations in the territorial practices of the Caiçara communities in Paraty, Rio de Janeiro, due to increased contact with modern urban rationality. The research highlights how the implementation of the Rio-Santos Highway, a pivotal event, altered the spatial dynamics and resource use patterns of these traditional populations in Vila Oratório, Praia do Sono, Ponta Negra, and Martim de Sá. By analyzing distinct local interests and social dynamics, the study proposes initiatives that address current Caiçara demands while preserving their unique territorial identities. The findings underscore the tension between modern development and traditional ways of life in UNESCO World Heritage Sites like Paraty and Ilha Grande.
Análise comparativa da abundância do coral invasor Tubastraea spp: (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) em substratos naturais e artificiais na Ilha Grande, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
Invasive sun corals (Tubastraea spp.) are reshaping marine communities in Ilha Grande, Brazil. Research shows that Tubastraea tagusensis is nearly twice as abundant as T. coccinea, with both species significantly altering native biodiversity. While T. coccinea thrives more on artificial structures like piers and decks, T. tagusensis dominates natural substrates, suggesting competitive superiority. Abundance varies with depth and location, but both species exploit older artificial structures for establishment. The study highlights the dual threat these invasives pose to coastal ecosystems, emphasizing their potential to spread and disrupt native communities.
Conflitos na gestão do Parque Nacional da Serra da Bocaina: entraves ao desenvolvimento local na vila de Trindade (Paraty, RJ)
A study of the Parque Nacional da Serra da Bocaina reveals persistent socioenvironmental conflicts that hinder local development, particularly in the village of Trindade. The research highlights deep contradictions between traditional and emerging developmental models within conservation management, emphasizing the need for improved integration between society and nature, as well as greater decentralization in governance. This work contributes to broader debates on sustainable development in UNESCO World Heritage Sites, underscoring the challenges of balancing ecological preservation with community needs.
Environmental factors affecting the distribution of land snails in the Atlantic Rain Forest of Ilha Grande, Angra dos Reis, RJ, Brazil
A study on Ilha Grande, Brazil, reveals that the distribution and abundance of land snail species in Atlantic Rain Forest are influenced by environmental factors such as atmospheric temperature, soil temperature, litter depth, and relative air humidity. While two hillsides studied showed similar species richness, differences in species composition and abundance were linked to variations in these environmental conditions. Additionally, distinct luminosity and canopy closure conditions were found to shape the land-snail community on one hillside. The research employed timed searches, litter sampling, cluster analysis, Pearson correlation matrix, and discriminant analysis to investigate these relationships.
Escravos e cidadãos na Ilha Grande: a alvorada republicana demorou a chegar
Ilha Grande, a district within the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Paraty and Ilha Grande, stands out for its historical significance as a hub of slavery in the 1870s. Despite Brazil's abolition of slavery in 1888, records from Angra dos Reis reveal that former slaves were still identified as such well into the 20th century, highlighting the lingering societal impact. Most landholdings were small, and slave ownership was concentrated among a few individuals. This study leverages civil records to trace the transition from slavery to citizenship, offering a unique perspective on post-abolition social dynamics in Brazil.
Moraceae da Ilha Grande, Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
Eleven native Moraceae species were identified on Ilha Grande, Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, including Brosimum guianense and Ficus gomelleira. The study combined field surveys, scientific collections, and literature reviews to document the island's Moraceae diversity, providing taxonomic keys, descriptions, illustrations, and geographic distribution data for each species. This research contributes to the understanding of the region's flora, particularly within UNESCO-listed Paraty and Ilha Grande, which is recognized for its cultural and biodiversity significance.
Perfil dos guias de (eco)turismo e de sua atuação no Parque Estadual da Ilha Grande (RJ)
Tourism guides in Ilha Grande, Brazil, face significant challenges in promoting sustainable practices despite recognizing environmental issues. A study of five guides from the Curupira Association revealed that while they are aware of problems like those caused by improper tourism, they struggle to integrate environmental education into their tours effectively. Most guides have over a decade of experience and have undergone some training, though not all are registered with EMBRATUR. The research highlights a critical gap in public sector support for implementing correct visitation practices, leaving guides to navigate these challenges largely on their own.
Population dynamics of tadpoles ofCrossodactylus gaudichaudii(Anura: Hylodidae) in the Atlantic Rainforest of Ilha Grande, southeastern Brazil
A study on the population dynamics of Crossodactylus gaudichaudii tadpoles in the Atlantic Rainforest of Ilha Grande, Brazil, revealed that tadpoles in early developmental stages (up to stage 25) were present year-round and constituted 80.4% of the sampled population, indicating continuous recruitment into aquatic environments. In contrast, tadpoles in final development stages (stages 42–46) accounted for only 5%, suggesting higher mortality during early development. Tadpole density was significantly linked to rainfall, with higher densities observed during the rainy season compared to the dry season. Body length variations were also noted among developmental stages and seasons. The research, conducted between May 2002 and April 2005 along streams, provides new insights into the population dynamics of this species in the Atlantic Rainforest.
Preliminary Study by Environmental Indicator Measurements of Sediments in a Mangrove Forest in Ilha Grande Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Southeastern Brazil
A preliminary study on sediments from Ilha Grande Bay's mangrove forest, a potentially unpolluted ecosystem in southeastern Brazil, revealed that while no mutagenicity was detected, certain metals (Cd and Cu) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), particularly benzo[a]pyrene, were present at levels exceeding environmental thresholds. These findings suggest potential genotoxic damage to biota, despite the absence of significant mutagenic activity in tested Salmonella strains. The research analyzed seasonal samples over 2009–2010 using atomic absorption spectrometry, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and a micronucleus assay on Goniopsis cruentata hemocytes, highlighting the need for further monitoring to assess long-term impacts on this UNESCO-listed site's biodiversity.
Spatial distribution of aquatic Oligochaeta in Ilha Grande National Park, Brazil
A preserved aquatic ecosystem in Ilha Grande National Park, Brazil, supports a higher richness of Oligochaeta (Annelida) species compared to long-term studies with more frequent sampling. The study recorded 13 species from two families (Naididae and Tubificidae) across five floodplain lakes, revealing distinct spatial patterns linked to abiotic variables such as granulometric texture. These findings underscore the park's role in preserving benthic invertebrates, offering insights into the ecological dynamics of freshwater environments within UNESCO-listed sites.
The paraty artisanal fishery (southeastern Brazilian coast): ethnoecology and management of a social-ecological system (SES)
A study on the Paraty artisanal fishery in southeastern Brazil reveals that integrating local ecological knowledge with scientific data can enhance fisheries management. The research highlights the potential of combining fishing periods with closed seasons ('defeso system') to conserve fish stocks, particularly during critical reproductive seasons for key species like snook and grouper. Additionally, it suggests that diversifying fishermen's income through tourism could improve compliance with conservation measures. The study employed systematic surveys in Tarituba and Praia Grande, collecting catch data and analyzing gonads of target species over four days each month. This approach not only provides insights into the historical context and economic importance of fishing but also identifies existing management processes that can be leveraged for sustainable practices.
Análise do desenvolvimento de Arranjos Produtivos Locais (APLs): um estudo de caso do município de Paraty (RJ)
Paraty, a UNESCO World Heritage Site renowned for its culture and biodiversity, faces significant challenges in leveraging its tourism potential to become more competitive. A study reveals that while there is an emerging network of small and medium enterprises focused on sustainable tourism, this arrangement lacks formal leadership, internal trust, and effective integration between businesses, the community, and local government. The research, based on documentary analysis and interviews, highlights critical gaps in infrastructure—such as sanitation and workforce training—that hinder Paraty's development. Despite its natural, historical, and cultural appeal, the region struggles to fully capitalize on these assets due to an informal and disjointed approach to collaboration. Addressing these obstacles could pave the way for a more cohesive and competitive tourism sector, benefiting both local development and global recognition.
Coordinated feeding tactics of the Guiana dolphin, Sotalia guianensis (Cetacea: Delphinidae), in Ilha Grande Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Researchers have uncovered that Guiana dolphins (Sotalia guianensis) in Ilha Grande Bay, Brazil, exhibit sophisticated coordinated feeding tactics, with a notable preference for strategies involving herding and capturing prey, particularly during spring-summer when larger schooling fish spawn. The study, analyzing 201 feeding bouts, identified four distinct tactics, with those engaging more individuals proving most effective for targeting larger schools of fish like Sardinella brasiliensis. A groundbreaking finding was the presence of calves in 95% of these coordinated behaviors, including jumps, suggesting social learning plays a crucial role in their development and survival. This expands our understanding of the dolphins' feeding strategies and their adaptability to seasonal changes.
Extreme wave event in Ilha Grande Bay: a case study
A study modeling wind-generated waves in Ilha Grande Bay, Brazil, revealed significant wave heights of up to 1.5 meters during storm conditions, posing risks to coastal structures and beaches. Researchers used the WAVEWATCH III spectral model with Reanalysis II wind data to simulate both typical and extreme wave scenarios. The findings highlight the potential for such modeling techniques to predict and mitigate coastal damage in UNESCO World Heritage Sites like Paraty and Ilha Grande, which are valued for their unique culture and biodiversity.
Inventário de Elateridae (Coleoptera) de Vila Dois Rios, Ilha Grande, Angra Dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro
A comprehensive inventory of the beetle family Elateridae (click beetles) on Ilha Grande, Brazil's Atlantic Forest, revealed 28 species from five subfamilies, including 19 genera documented for the first time in this UNESCO-listed site. The study, conducted through seven collections between January and December 2008 using entomological nets and light traps near a research center, identified Pomachilius terminatus as the most abundant species within the dominant Elaterinae subfamily. While Agrypninae and Cardiophorinae accounted for nearly 20% of the total abundance, Lissominae and Denticollinae were rare, with only one representative each. This research significantly expands the known biodiversity of Ilha Grande's Atlantic Forest, a critical ecosystem under global conservation attention.
Occurrence and distribution of the exotic lizard Hemidactylus mabouia Moreau de Jonnès, 1818 in Ilha Grande, RJ, Brazil
Exotic lizard Hemidactylus mabouia, known for its adaptability, has been found to predominantly inhabit anthropic and perianthropic areas within Ilha Grande, a UNESCO-listed Atlantic Rainforest site in Brazil. Despite the island's vast dense tropical rainforest coverage, which typically restricts invasive species, H. mabouia was recorded at 100 out of 719 sampled points along 19 trails, exclusively in human-altered environments. This suggests that while the lizard can thrive outside natural habitats, its expansion into pristine areas is likely limited by the dense rainforest ecosystem. The study employed active search methods at regular intervals to map its distribution, providing critical insights into the species' ecological impact on this biodiverse World Heritage Site.
Plantas medicinais utilizadas na comunidade caiçara da Praia do Sono, Paraty, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
A study of the Caiçara community at Praia do Sono, Paraty, Brazil, identified 89 medicinal plant species used for treating 13 categories of diseases, with Lamiaceae and Asteraceae being the most prominent families. Ten species demonstrated versatility in their therapeutic applications, while three native species—Cecropia pachystachya, Davilla rugosa, and Trema micrantha—showed significant cultural importance (CUPc > 50%). The research, based on interviews with 12 experts, highlights the community's traditional knowledge and underscores the need for further chemical and pharmacological studies to validate these plants' potential.
Relative abundance and reproductive tactics of a Loricariidae species at Saraiva Lagoon, Ilha Grande National Park, MS-PR, Brazil
Research on Loricariichthys platymetopon at Saraiva Lagoon, Ilha Grande National Park, Brazil, revealed distinct seasonal and spatial patterns in abundance and reproduction. The species exhibited peak relative abundance in February within the middle lagoon section, with reproductive activity concentrated from September to February, ceasing during autumn and winter. High fecundity was observed, averaging 962 oocytes per female (SD ± 382), with notable variation across lagoon sections. These findings suggest adaptive reproductive tactics linked to habitat settlement in the Upper Paraná River floodplain, providing insights into the species' ecological dynamics within a UNESCO-listed site.
Shell morphology of the freshwater snail Gundlachia ticaga (Gastropoda: Ancylidae) from four sites in Ilha Grande, southeastern Brazil
A study on the freshwater snail Gundlachia ticaga from Ilha Grande, Brazil, reveals significant phenotypic plasticity in shell morphology across four populations. Using nine morphometric characters and discriminant analysis, researchers found that shells from preserved and highly modified environments exhibited similar traits, challenging previous diagnostic criteria for identification. The findings highlight that narrower, elongated shells could be misidentified as Ferrissia, while broader, roundish shells might be confused with Burnupia. The absence of radial lines is not a reliable diagnostic feature, emphasizing the need to analyze apical micro-sculpture and soft parts for accurate species identification.
Temporal variation in vegetative development of Caulerpa scalpelliformis (Chlorophyta) from Baleia beach, Ilha Grande bay (Rio de janeiro, brazil)
A study on the invasive seaweed Caulerpa scalpelliformis at Baleia Beach, Ilha Grande Bay, Brazil, revealed that its vegetative development exhibits seasonal variation similar to other invasive Caulerpa species worldwide. The research found that C. scalpelliformis, occurring on both rocky and sandy substrates, displayed partial loss of erect portions during winter to spring but showed increased height and dry weight from summer to autumn. This pattern was consistent across different substrates, suggesting a pseudo-perennial growth behavior. The study employed morphometric and dry weight data collection over an 18-month period (June 2003–September 2004) using randomly positioned plots on rocky boulders (~1.5 m depth) and contiguous sandy bottoms (~3.0 m depth). These findings contribute to the understanding of temporal dynamics in invasive seaweed development, which may have implications for biodiversity management at UNESCO World Heritage Sites like Ilha Grande.
As especificidades dos ambientes insulares: meio ambiente e cultura – Estudo de caso do Ecomuseu Ilha Grande – UERJ
Island ecosystems, particularly those within Brazil's coastal regions and Atlantic Forest, hold strategic significance for sustainable development due to their unique bio-physical and socio-environmental characteristics. The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ) has pioneered research and preservation efforts on Ilha Grande, leveraging its former prison facilities to establish the Ecomuseu Ilha Grande—a multifaceted initiative comprising a jail museum, environmental museum, botanical park, and multimedia center. This study highlights how the ecomuseum serves as a pivotal tool for integrating conservation, research, and sociocultural communication in a UNESCO-listed site. By synthesizing early fieldwork and outreach activities, the research underscores the potential of such institutions to bridge ecological preservation with community engagement.
Degrees of residence of Guiana dolphins (Sotalia guianensis) in Ilha Grande Bay, south-eastern Brazil: a preliminary assessment
Over half of the Guiana dolphins (Sotalia guianensis) studied in Ilha Grande Bay, Brazil, exhibited low or no residency, indicating a fluid population structure. Using photo-identification of dorsal fins from 17,969 photographs, researchers cataloged 462 distinct individuals, with an average resight interval of 35 ± 27.4 days. The findings suggest potential links between dolphin presence and local resource availability, such as prey or protected areas. This preliminary assessment highlights the dynamic nature of this coastal dolphin population in southeastern Brazil.
Estado do Conhecimento da Fauna de Invertebrados Não-Marinhos da Ilha Grande (Angra dos Reis, RJ)
A comprehensive inventory of non-marine invertebrate fauna on Ilha Grande, a UNESCO-listed site within the Paraty and Ilha Grande World Heritage Area, reveals significant gaps in biodiversity knowledge. The study identifies 465 taxa, predominantly arthropods (72.9%) and mollusks (22.15%), with most records at the genus level (60%). Notably, data collection has intensified since 1999, primarily around Vila Dois Rios, highlighting the need for broader taxonomic and geographic surveys to address critical knowledge gaps. This research underscores the importance of systematic biodiversity inventories in informing conservation efforts within this ecologically significant Atlantic Forest remnant.
Estudo dos anéis de crescimento de Schizolobium parahyba (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae) após episódio de mortalidade em Ilha Grande, Rio de Janeiro
A significant episode of tree mortality in Ilha Grande, Rio de Janeiro, was linked to climatic anomalies between 1997 and 2001, rather than natural succession or population senescence. The study analyzed growth rings of Schizolobium parahyba, a native species of the Atlantic Forest, revealing that trees died at varying ages and that ring width correlated strongly with local rainfall patterns. This suggests that extreme weather conditions, rather than age-related decline, were the primary cause of mortality. The research used dendrochronological methods to assess tree ages and environmental factors, providing insights into the resilience and vulnerability of this species in the face of climate change.
Feeding ecology of Phalloceros anisophallos (Osteichthyes: Cyprinodontiformes) from Andorinha Stream, Ilha Grande, Brazil
A study on the feeding ecology of Phalloceros anisophallos, a fish species from Andorinha Stream, Ilha Grande, Brazil, reveals significant ontogenetic and seasonal variations in its diet. Adults primarily consume algae and detritus, while juveniles rely more on animal matter such as aquatic insect larvae and terrestrial insects. The research used quantitative analysis, including the alimentary index (IAi) and food volume (Vo), to assess dietary composition. Notably, detritus consumption was significantly higher during the dry season compared to the rainy season, despite no seasonal variation in IAi values for other food categories. This suggests a dynamic feeding strategy influenced by both life stage and environmental conditions.
Galhas de insetos da Reserva Biológica Estadual da Praia do Sul (Ilha Grande, Angra dos Reis, RJ)
A pioneering survey of insect galls in the Reserva Biológica Estadual da Praia do Sul (Ilha Grande, Brazil) uncovered 36 distinct gall morphotypes, with Myrtaceae emerging as the dominant plant family. The study revealed that 75% of these galls were attributed to Cecidomyiidae flies, while Hemiptera and Lepidoptera also contributed smaller proportions. Notably, Mikania sp. (Asteraceae) and Guapira opposita (Nyctaginaceae) served as superhosts, supporting multiple gall species. The research employed morphological analysis to categorize galls by location—foliar (64%), cauline (25%), and bud (14%)—highlighting the ecological complexity of this UNESCO-listed site's biodiversity.
Inventário das espécies de Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) de Vila Dois Rios (Ilha Grande, Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil)
A comprehensive inventory of Cerambycidae (longhorn beetles) species from Vila Dois Rios, Ilha Grande, Brazil, reveals 50 previously unrecorded species for the island. This study, based on field collections from 2008, literature reviews, and museum records, identifies three subfamilies: Prioninae (6%), Cerambycinae (14%), and Lamiinae (80%). The latter dominates with 40 species across ten tribes, highlighting its ecological significance. Detailed catalographic data, distribution maps, illustrations, and examined material are provided for each species, offering critical insights into the biodiversity of this UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Levantamento populacional do cervo-do-pantanal Blastocerus dichotomus (Mammalia, Cervidae) no Parque Nacional de Ilha Grande e entorno: implicações para a conservação
A population of 1,079 ± 207 Pantanal deer (Blastocerus dichotomus) was estimated within the Ilha Grande National Park and its surroundings during the dry season, yielding a density of 0.998 ± 0.192 individuals per km². The study employed dual-counting aerial surveys to assess distribution, revealing higher concentrations inside the park but also in altered floodplains outside its boundaries. These findings highlight critical conservation challenges due to significant anthropogenic pressures on this vulnerable species. The results provide actionable data for managing and protecting the deer population in this UNESCO-listed site, which balances cultural heritage with biodiversity preservation.
Mollusca, Bivalvia, Mytilidae, Myoforceps aristatus (Dillwyn, 1817): distribution and new record localities at Ilha Grande Bay, Brazil
Researchers document the distribution and new record localities of the invasive bivalve Myoforceps aristatus within Ilha Grande Bay, Brazil. This study reveals that M. aristatus, an introduced species, thrives in intertidal rocky shores dominated by the vermetid gastropod Petaloconchus varians. The research maps its presence across multiple sites, contributing critical data to understanding invasive species dynamics in this UNESCO World Heritage Site. By analyzing field observations and sampling, the study highlights the ecological impact of M. aristatus on local biodiversity, particularly within complex structures formed by native organisms.
Sand Flies of the Endemic Areas of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Paraty, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Research identifies Nyssomyia intermedia and Migonemyia migonei as likely vectors of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL) in Paraty, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The study analyzed 3,831 sand fly specimens collected from seven endemic localities, revealing these two species as predominant, with peak densities occurring between 18–20 h and 01–02 h. This finding is significant for a UNESCO World Heritage Site known for its tourism, where ACL incidence averages 43.2 cases annually since 1985. The study aims to provide critical data for preventing ACL transmission in high-risk areas.
Tadpole of Hylodes fredi (Anura; Hylodidae), a frog endemic to an Atlantic Forest island (Ilha Grande, Rio de Janeiro State), Brazil
Researchers have documented the tadpole stage of Hylodes fredi, a rare frog species endemic to Ilha Grande, a UNESCO-listed Atlantic Forest island in Brazil. This discovery fills a critical gap in knowledge about the life cycle of H. fredi, which inhabits small rivers and streams in the island's rugged terrain. The study provides detailed morphological descriptions of the tadpole, contributing to our understanding of this species' ecology and conservation status within its unique insular habitat.
Trace Metals Analysis in Brown Booby (Sula leucogaster) Collected from Ilha Grande Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
A study analyzing trace metal concentrations in the brown booby (Sula leucogaster) from Ilha Grande Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, revealed relatively high levels of contamination with metals such as cadmium, zinc, copper, lead, chromium, and nickel. The average concentrations (μg.g-1 dry weight) in liver and kidney tissues were 6.32955 and 6.57136 for cadmium; 78.17409 and 96.89409 for zinc; 44.01727 and 65.20864 for copper; 41.15091 and 39.62318 for lead; 2.80091 and 4.16455 for chromium; and 9.27182 and 9.91091 for nickel. These findings are concerning due to the potential ecological impact on marine fauna in the region, highlighting the need for further investigation into the sources and effects of metal contamination.
You are here:
World Heritage Explorer > World Heritage Research > World Heritage Sites > Paraty and Ilha Grande – Culture and Biodiversity