Publications
A review of the tectonic, volcanological and hazard history of Vulcano (Aeolian Islands, Italy)
Vulcano, one of the Aeolian Islands' volcanic islands, exhibits complex geological features shaped by variable tectonic and volcanic activity. The island's current structure includes two calderas, a lava dome complex, and two active cones, with the prominent La Fossa tuff cone dominating its 3-km-wide caldera. Recent unrest since 2021 has been marked by weak shallow seismicity and intense fumarolic activity, particularly within the La Fossa crater. This study reviews Vulcano's tectonic, volcanological history, and associated hazards, highlighting its dynamic nature and the importance of multiparametric monitoring for understanding volcanic behavior.
Advanced argillic alteration at Cave di Caolino, Lipari, Aeolian Islands (Italy): Implications for the mitigation of volcanic risks and the exploitation of geothermal resources
Research at Cave di Caolino, Lipari, Aeolian Islands, reveals that advanced argillic alteration is primarily driven by hydrothermal steam condensation, producing H2SO4 solutions without requiring magmatic fluids. Two distinct parageneses of altered rocks were identified: silicate-rich (opal/cristobalite, montmorillonite, kaolinite, alunite, hematite) and sulfate-rich (gypsum, anhydrite, bassanite). Geochemical modeling confirmed the stability of these minerals, aligning with natural observations. This finding eliminates the need for SO2-HCl-HF-bearing magmatic fluids in explaining alteration processes, offering crucial insights for mitigating volcanic risks and exploiting geothermal resources.
Dati Storici e Recenti sulla Presenza della Foca Monaca nelle Isole Eolie (Tirreno Meridionale, Sicilia)
Historical and recent evidence suggests the Aeolian Islands (Isole Eolie) may still harbor one of the Mediterranean's most endangered seals, the Mediterranean monk seal (Monachus monachus). Though extirpated from much of its range, accounts from 18th- and 19th-century travel literature and local reports from the early 20th century indicate these islands were part of its former central Mediterranean habitat. Documented sightings in the past two decades reinforce the need for systematic monitoring of potential seal habitats across the archipelago to assess possible residual populations or recolonization opportunities.
Non-invasive investigation on pigments of the Aeolian Islands Neolithic pottery
Neolithic pottery from the Aeolian Islands, a key chronological indicator of prehistoric settlements dating back to the 6th–5th millennium BCE, was analyzed using non-invasive techniques to identify its pigments. Researchers employed Fiber Optical Reflectance Spectroscopy (FORS), X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), Raman Spectroscopy, and Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) to study 16 pottery sherds. The analysis revealed the presence of red ochre and raw umber, some of which were no longer visible to the naked eye, while FT-IR data also provided insights into pottery differentiation. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of Aeolian Neolithic ceramic traditions and their cultural significance.
The Thermal Plumbing System of Stromboli Volcano, Aeolian Islands (Italy) Inferred From Electrical Conductivity and Induced Polarization Tomography
A groundbreaking 3D tomography of Stromboli Volcano, Aeolian Islands (Italy), reveals the thermal plumbing system beneath the volcano using electrical conductivity and induced polarization data. The study identifies a highly conductive body (10⁻²–1.0 S/m) linked to CO₂ and temperature anomalies at the surface, corresponding to a hydrothermal system dominated by alteration processes such as cation exchange in clay minerals and zeolites. A 2.5D induced polarization tomography further confirms this interpretation. The derived temperature tomogram aligns with surface heat signatures and Very Long Period (VLP) seismicity, indicating a lateral shift in the hottest fluid source at ~600 m above sea level. Structural boundaries play a critical role in channeling hydrothermal fluids toward the active crater terrace, providing new insights into Stromboli's mild-explosive activity.
Coastal Erosion and Flooding Threaten Low-Lying Coastal Tracts at Lipari (Aeolian Islands, Italy)
Low-lying coastal tracts in the eastern and northeastern sectors of Lipari, Italy—a UNESCO-listed Aeolian Island—face significant threats from coastal erosion and flooding, exacerbated by subsidence-induced local sea level rise. These narrow stretches are increasingly vulnerable to permanent inundation and beach loss, posing risks to the island's tourism-dependent economy. A multidisciplinary study employing remote sensing (aerophotogrammetry, UAV surveys, satellite data), offshore geophysical surveys (high-resolution multibeam bathymetry), and field observations reveals complex interactions between natural and anthropogenic factors in the long- and mid-term evolution of these coastal areas. The findings underscore the need for proactive management strategies to mitigate natural risks and adapt to future climate change impacts.
Effects of Local Acidification on Benthic Communities at Shallow Hydrothermal Vents of the Aeolian Islands (Southern Tyrrhenian, Mediterranean Sea)
Shallow hydrothermal vents in the Aeolian Islands (Mediterranean Sea) induce significant local acidification, leading to profound changes in benthic communities. Research at three depths (16, 40, and 80 meters) revealed that CO₂ emissions simplify community structure and reduce biodiversity by eliminating sensitive taxa such as kinorhynchs, turbellarians, gastropods, while favoring tolerant species like halacarids, ostracods, and oligochaetes. Acidification also caused a notable biomass decline in macrofauna, with shifts in composition driven by lower predatory pressure and increased food availability. These findings highlight the vulnerability of shallow marine ecosystems to acidification, emphasizing the need for conservation efforts at UNESCO World Heritage Sites like the Aeolian Islands.
Geomorphological and Structural Assessment of the Coastal Area of Capo Faro Promontory, NE Salina (Aeolian Islands, Italy)
A rapid coastal cliff retreat, inducing landslides, threatens the stability of Capo Faro Promontory on Salina Island (Aeolian Islands, Italy). This study reveals significant geomorphological and structural hazards in the area, home to a renowned vineyard and residence. High-resolution data from UAV flights, combined with detailed field surveys, were used to assess volcanic deposit thickness, rock mass discontinuities, and bathymetric-topographic profiles along the coastline. The research provides critical insights for planning risk mitigation measures, highlighting the vulnerability of this iconic coastal landscape.
Maria Clara Martinelli. Isole vicine. L’arcipelago delle isole Eolie e le comunità umane nella preistoria mediterranea, Edizioni di storia e studi sociali, Ragusa, 2020, 294 p., 70 fig.
A groundbreaking reconstruction of the Aeolian Islands' prehistory, spanning over 5 millennia from the mid-6th millennium BCE to the early 1st millennium BCE, reveals a dynamic human settlement history in the Mediterranean. This work builds upon the foundational research initiated by Luigi Bernabò Brea and Madeleine Cavalier between 1947 and 1950, establishing a stratigraphic sequence that remains the cornerstone for understanding Sicilian and Italian prehistory. The book, 'Isole vicine,' offers a comprehensive exploration of Neolithic to Bronze Age phases, highlighting key cultural developments and environmental contexts. It includes an extensive bibliography and concludes with a reflective chapter on the significance of travel in studying these islands, providing both academic rigor and accessibility for broader audiences.
Macrina Marilena Maffei La maga e il velo. Incantesimi, riti e poteri del mondo magico eoliano Cisu, Roma 2021, pp. 384
A comprehensive monograph by Marilena Maffei reveals the enduring vibrancy of magical, mantic, and divinatory practices in the Aeolian Islands, challenging perceptions that such traditions are relics of the past. Through extensive ethnographic research spanning four decades, Maffei documents rituals, languages, and poetic expressions tied to a rural, pastoral, and maritime context, demonstrating their resilience amid modernity. The study highlights the islands' rich tapestry of myths, folklore, and cults, culminating in this latest work that synthesizes her lifelong exploration of Eolian magical traditions.
Modeling Tsunamis Generated by Submarine Landslides at Stromboli Volcano (Aeolian Islands, Italy): A Numerical Benchmark Study
Non-hydrostatic models, particularly when coupled with multilayer approaches and GPU acceleration, provide the most accurate and computationally efficient simulations of tsunami generation and propagation from submarine landslides at Stromboli Volcano. This benchmark study reveals that while hydrostatic models can approximate maximum runup near the source, they overestimate wave crest amplitude compared to non-hydrostatic models, especially in proximal areas critical for early-warning systems. The research highlights the sensitivity of waveform characterization to landslide modeling, emphasizing the need for precise source descriptions. These findings advance tsunami hazard assessment and early-warning capabilities in active volcanic contexts like Stromboli.
Origins of Vulcanello based on the re-examination of historical sources (Vulcano, Aeolian Islands)
Vulcanello, the northernmost volcanic structure of Vulcano Island (Aeolian Islands), was not formed 2200 years ago as previously believed. A re-examination of historical sources reveals that its sandy isthmus connecting it to Vulcano solidified only in the mid-1500s, while earlier texts and geographical documents offer no evidence of a stable volcanic island in this location during antiquity. The most plausible hypothesis suggests an earlier volcanic event—likely between 950 and 1000 AD—that created a shallow, flat seabed, which later became the foundation for the current lava platform. This challenges long-standing interpretations and sheds new light on the geological history of the Aeolian Islands.
The Seismicity of Lipari, Aeolian Islands (Italy) From One-Month Recording of the LIPARI Array
A seismic swarm offshore Lipari Island, possibly linked to the activation of a NE-SW fault, was detected through a dense seismic array deployment. This study marks the first continuous one-month recording on Lipari, revealing transient-like signals influenced by sea wave motion and regional tectonics. Hybrid events near the island's hydrothermal system suggest hot fluid movement along fractures, highlighting complex interactions between pre-existing structures and hydrothermal processes in the Aeolian Islands.
Continuous monitoring of hydrogen and carbon dioxide at Stromboli volcano (Aeolian Islands, Italy)
Hydrogen (H₂) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions from Stromboli volcano's crater fumaroles serve as effective tracers of volcanic activity, correlating with changes in the magma plumbing system. A continuous monitoring study conducted between 2009 and 2010 revealed that H₂ could function as an auxiliary parameter alongside CO₂ flux in surveillance programs for active volcanoes. The research employed a tailor-made device to measure H₂ molar fraction and CO₂ flux, while multiple linear regression (MLR) and fast Fourier transform (FFT) analyses filtered environmental effects such as wind speed, air temperature, and atmospheric pressure. Daily cycles were identified in both gases, with changes in atmospheric pressure affecting H₂ levels through a pumping effect on fumarole gas. The study confirmed that the chemical and isotopic composition of emitted gases closely resembles magmatic gas, advancing the understanding of open conduit volcano monitoring.
Multiple hazards and paths to eruptions: A review of the volcanic system of Vulcano (Aeolian Islands, Italy)
A comprehensive review of Vulcano, one of Italy's Aeolian Islands, reveals significant gaps in quantitative hazard assessments despite extensive studies on its volcanic system. The research identifies potential underestimations in the range of natural variability for hazards such as eruption magnitude and multi-hazard impacts, which could inform future risk evaluations. By developing a conceptual model of Vulcano's feeding system, the study links main hazards and outlines possible paths to eruptions, providing an updated snapshot of volcanic hazard knowledge that supports decision-making.
Prehistorical Obsidian Sources in the Island of Lipari (Aeolian Islands)
Aeolian Islands' Lipari reveals critical insights into Neolithic obsidian sourcing, with implications for Mediterranean trade and community mobility. The study identifies distinct geological characteristics of Lipari's obsidian flows, providing a foundation for reconstructing prehistoric supply chains. Through fission track dating of artifacts and radiocarbon analysis of paleo soils, researchers established precise chronologies for obsidian sources, shedding light on Neolithic extraction techniques and inter-island movement patterns. This dual-method approach offers unprecedented resolution in tracing raw material diffusion across the Mediterranean, challenging assumptions about Neolithic resource management.
Lipari (Aeolian Islands) Obsidian in the Late Neolithic. Artifacts, Supply and Function
Archaeological excavations on the Aeolian Island of Lipari reveal that the Diana Culture's Neolithic settlement was a significant obsidian workshop, characterized by greater artifact variability compared to importing sites. This suggests a specialized role in prehistoric trade and production. The study analyzed obsidian from trenches XVII, XXI, and XXXVI using technological and typometric methods, alongside pXRF analyses to trace sources. Findings indicate that Lipari's strategic location facilitated the development of complex exchange networks during this period.
Simulating and Quantifying Multiple Natural Subsea CO2 Seeps at Panarea Island (Aeolian Islands, Italy) as a Proxy for Potential Leakage from Subseabed Carbon Storage Sites
Natural CO2 seeps around Panarea Island, Italy, release approximately 6900 tons of CO2 annually, with deeper seeps (>20 m) playing a significant role in the island's carbon budget. This finding comes from a new model that simulates bubble dynamics, dissolved CO2 advection-dispersion, and carbonate chemistry, providing insights into potential leakage from subseabed carbon storage sites. The study uses field measurements of pH to estimate overall CO2 flow rates, offering a framework for understanding future leaks from such storage sites.
“If you want to get married, you have to collectvirdura”: the vanishing custom of gathering and cooking wild food plants on Vulcano, Aeolian Islands, Sicily
Traditional knowledge of wild food plant gathering and cooking persists among the elderly population on Vulcano, one of the Aeolian Islands, despite the growing influence of industrialized foods. The study recorded 52 wild and semi-domesticated plants and one mushroom used in local cuisine, highlighting their cultural significance, health benefits, and connection to past agrarian lifestyles. However, this practice is at risk due to detachment from younger generations, particularly as mass tourism reshapes the island's environment. The findings underscore the need for sustainable eco-tourism initiatives to preserve and revitalize this vital aspect of local heritage.
Emplacement of the Rocche Rosse rhyolite lava flow (Lipari, Aeolian Islands)
The Rocche Rosse rhyolite lava flow on Lipari, part of the UNESCO-listed Aeolian Islands, reveals a complex multi-stage emplacement history shaped by cooling, crust formation, and underlying topography. This study identifies five distinct stages of deformation, from initial extrusion to brittle faulting post-termination, marked by small to large-scale folding, channel development, and lobe formation. The flow's viscous nature (10^8 to 10^10 Pa s) preserves structural evidence, including foliation dipping at angles up to 50°, tension gashes, and conjugate fractures, with heterogeneous deformation increasing asymmetry downflow due to cooling and stagnation. A steeper mid-flow topography induced channeling and fold superimposition, offering a fluid dynamic framework comparable to active rhyolitic flows in Chile's Chaitén and Cordón Caulle volcanoes.
Using the Network and MCA on Tourist Attractions. The Case of Aeolian Islands, Italy
Tourist preferences and motivations for visiting the Aeolian Islands, Italy, reveal distinct visitor profiles shaped by identity, sustainability concerns, and consumption interests. A study using social network analysis and multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) identified three key groups: those prioritizing environmental sustainability and scenic beauty, such as the sea; others drawn to gastronomic and consumption experiences; and a third group indifferent to the island's attractions. The research highlights how relational variables influence destination attractiveness and suggests strategies for eco-sustainable tourism planning in fragile yet high-demand sites like the Aeolian Islands. These findings offer actionable insights for balancing conservation with visitor satisfaction while guiding future studies on sustainable hospitality systems.
Volcanic events that have marked the anthropic history of the Aeolian Islands
Aeolian Islands' anthropic history was significantly impacted by volcanic events, particularly during three major crises. The first crisis, occurring in the 4th millennium BC, saw coastal settlements like Contrada Diana on Lipari affected by tsunamis from Stromboli's Sciara del Fuoco collapse and eruptions from Vulcano's Gran Cratere, disrupting navigation. A second crisis between the 9th and 6th centuries BC was linked to a strong eruptive phase at Vulcano and another tsunami, further hindering travel to Lipari. The third crisis, spanning the 6th to 11th centuries AD, peaked during the Monte Pilato eruption in 776 AD. This study integrates archaeological, historical, and volcanological data to demonstrate how these volcanic events shaped demographic shifts and settlement patterns on the islands.
Classificazione della ceramica e analisi dei contesti all’inizio dell’età del Bronzo: la capanna F del villaggio di Filo Braccio (Filicudi, Isole Eolie)
Aeolian Islands' Filo Braccio settlement offers unique insights into the Capo Graziano phase of early Bronze Age, revealing it as the earliest known arrival point for these cultures. The study of Hut F, spanning approximately 150 years, identifies three distinct phases with evolving ceramic forms and uses, including a rare depiction of boats in marine-themed designs. Unlike other Aeolian sites, Filicudi's isolation preserved local traditions, avoiding elaborate decorations seen elsewhere. The absence of violent destruction or abrupt abandonment suggests a gradual cultural shift. This research provides a detailed chronological framework for Capo Graziano ceramics, integrating functional analysis to reconstruct daily life and spatial organization within the hut.
Feline and canine leishmaniosis and other vector-borne diseases in the Aeolian Islands: Pathogen and vector circulation in a confined environment
Aeolian Islands exhibit high endemicity for vector-borne diseases (VBDs), with Leishmania infantum being the most prevalent pathogen affecting both cats and dogs. The study, conducted on 330 cats and 263 dogs, revealed a seroprevalence of 25.8% for feline leishmaniosis (FeL) and 41.8% for canine leishmaniosis, significantly higher than previously reported in other endemic regions. Additionally, cats showed notable infestation rates with ticks (Ixodes ventalloi and Rhipicephalus pusillus) and fleas (Ctenocephalides felis), while dogs were primarily affected by Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. The research highlights the critical role of cats as hosts for multiple VBDs, challenging traditional perceptions that focus predominantly on dogs. This comprehensive investigation underscores the importance of recognizing feline VBDs in disease management strategies, with potential implications for both animal and human health.
Materiali per un catalogo di eruzioni di Vulcano e di terremoti delle isole Eolie e della Sicilia nord-orientale (secc. XV-XIX)
A comprehensive historical analysis of the Aeolian Islands, particularly focusing on Vulcano and its eruptions alongside seismic activity in the region from the 15th to 19th centuries, has uncovered significant gaps and new data. The study identified nearly 100 earthquakes—including previously unknown events—and confirmed or debunked 20 eruptions of Vulcano, revealing that some historical records were doubtful or fictitious. This research, part of a broader project analyzing tectonic-volcanic relationships, utilized over 200 historical descriptions to compile the first integrated catalogue of these events, providing critical insights into the region's geological history and improving seismic hazard assessment.
Osservazioni sulla fauna a Lepidotteri Ropaloceri delle Isole Eolie (Sicilia) (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea)
A groundbreaking study on the Aeolian Islands (Sicily, Italy) reveals the first recorded presence of two butterfly species: Cacyreus marshalli and Danaus chrysippus. Conducted in 2014, this research clarifies the distribution of eight Ropaloceri species, providing critical insights into the region's lepidopteran fauna. The study utilized field observations to refine known distributions, with notable implications for biodiversity mapping and conservation efforts in these UNESCO-listed islands.
Spherulite formation in obsidian lavas in the Aeolian Islands, Italy
Research on obsidian lavas from Lipari and Vulcano in the Aeolian Islands reveals that spherulite formation is driven by distinct processes occurring at different cooling stages, leading to significant heterogeneity in size, shape, and composition. Spherulites, ranging from <1 mm to 8 mm, exhibit radial interiors and can occur individually or within deformation bands, sometimes surrounded by clear haloes and brown rims. Their mineral content includes cristobalite (α, β), orthoclase, titanomagnetite, and rhyolitic glass, with growth periods averaging 5 days and potential modification over hundreds of years at lower temperatures. Crystal Size Distribution (CSD) analysis shows varying size populations and growth rates, while elongation in high-temperature spherulites triggers further nucleation and growth. Spherical forms dominate mid-glass transition temperatures, and vapor-phase modifications occur at lower temperatures. Enhanced undercooling, deformation, and modification play pivotal roles in shaping spherulite diversity in these volcanic rocks.
Combining Wine Production and Tourism. The Aeolian Islands
Aeolian Islands' wine producers face significant challenges in developing wine tourism, primarily due to limited marketing expertise, insufficient manpower, and lack of stakeholder cooperation. This study reveals that despite the potential synergy between wine production and tourism, small-scale enterprises in the region struggle with implementing effective strategies. The research employed surveys, interviews, and field observations to gather insights from suppliers, highlighting a critical gap in tourism management skills and coordination among stakeholders.
Bathy-morphological setting of the Aeolian Islands
Aeolian Islands' underwater volcanic structures reveal significant insights into their evolution and instability. Advanced multibeam swath bathymetry maps of the archipelago's western, central, and eastern sectors uncovered extensive submerged portions of volcanic edifices, surpassing the emerged areas in size. These findings highlight the influence of structural lineaments on volcanism and identify large-scale flank instabilities, along with recent submarine eruptions. The study enhances understanding of the Aeolian Islands' geological dynamics by integrating detailed bathymetric data.
Eighteen years of GPS surveys in the Aeolian Islands (southern Italy): open data archive and velocity field
Eighteen years of GPS surveys in the Aeolian Islands reveal significant land motion, providing critical insights into tectonic and volcanic activity in southern Italy. The study, spanning 1995 to 2013, presents an updated velocity map detailing both horizontal and vertical movements across Lipari, Vulcano, and Panarea Islands, along with northern Sicily and Calabria. This research, led by the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), combines data from national and international geodynamic projects to enhance volcanic and seismic hazard assessment. The open-access AINET-GPS data archive offers a valuable resource for scientific community, supporting further studies in this crucial Mediterranean region.
Phytochemical analysis ofAchillea ligusticaAll. from Lipari Island (Aeolian Islands)
A comprehensive phytochemical analysis of Achillea ligustica All. from Lipari Island, part of the UNESCO-listed Aeolian Islands, revealed 17 unique metabolites, including sesquiterpenoids and flavonoid glucuronides not previously documented in this species. The study identified compounds such as (3RS,6RS)-2,6-dimethyl-1,7-octadiene-3,6-diol and iso-seco-tanapartholide from dichloromethane extracts, alongside novel flavonoid glucuronides like apigenin-7-O-glucuronide and quercetin 3-O-glucuronide. These findings suggest a chemotaxonomic significance for the species, with similarities to populations in Greece, Sicily, and Algeria. The research employed GC/MS analysis on petroleum ether extracts and isolated metabolites from aerial parts and flowers, providing new insights into the chemical diversity of Achillea ligustica.
Riflessioni con Vincenzo Cabianca sulle Isole Eolie
Aeolian Islands' landscape, shaped by unique geophysical and volcanic processes, faces challenges from tourism and development. This study reflects on the significance of cultural heritage and insularity, emphasizing the need to protect scientific heritage through landscape planning. It explores how small island ecosystems, particularly those influenced by volcanic activity, require tailored approaches to balance conservation with human activities. The research highlights the importance of international collaboration in preserving these unique landscapes for future generations.
The first ultra-high resolution Digital Terrain Model of the shallow-water sector around Lipari Island (Aeolian Islands, Italy)
A groundbreaking ultra-high resolution Digital Terrain Model (DTM) of the shallow-water sector around Lipari Island, part of Italy's UNESCO-listed Aeolian Islands, reveals intricate volcanic, erosive-depositional, and anthropic features previously unseen in such detail. This first-of-its-kind multibeam bathymetric survey, covering depths from 0.1 to 150 meters, provides unprecedented insights into the island's shallow seafloor morphology, complementing existing data collected at greater depths (100–1300 meters). The resulting maps, with resolutions of 0.1 to 0.5 meters, highlight the dynamic nature of this active volcanic area and identify potential geohazard factors in shallow waters, offering critical implications for coastal management and hazard assessment.
Balićžunićite, Bi2O(SO4)2, a new fumarole mineral from La Fossa crater, Vulcano, Aeolian Islands, Italy
Researchers have discovered Balićžunićite, a new mineral with the chemical formula Bi2O(SO4)2, at La Fossa crater on Vulcano Island within the UNESCO-listed Aeolian Islands. This high-temperature fumarole sublimate, formed at approximately 600°C, is characterized by its colorless to pale brown, transparent crystals and a vitreous luster. The mineral's structure is triclinic with a calculated density of 5.911 g/cm³. Balićžunićite occurs in association with other minerals such as anglesite, leguernite, and bismutite, among others. The discovery was made through electron microprobe analysis and X-ray powder diffraction, revealing its unique properties and confirming it as the natural analogue of synthetic Bi2O(SO4)2. The mineral is named in honor of Tonci Balić-Žunić, a prominent mineralogist, and has been officially approved by the International Mineralogical Association.
Leguernite, Bi12.67O14(SO4)5, a new Bi oxysulfate from the fumarole deposit of La Fossa crater, Vulcano, Aeolian Islands, Italy
Researchers have discovered a new mineral, leguernite (Bi12.67O14(SO4)5), within the high-temperature fumarolic assemblages of La Fossa crater on Vulcano, one of Italy's Aeolian Islands. This colorless to white, transparent mineral exhibits sub-adamantine lustre and is associated with anglesite, balićžunićite, and an unidentified bismuth sulfate. Electron microprobe analysis revealed its chemical composition, while Raman spectroscopy confirmed its anhydrous nature. Leguernite crystallizes in a monoclinic structure (space group P2) with distinct Bi–O blocks and sulfate ions, showing similarities to synthetic Bi14O16(SO4)5 compounds. The discovery honors François 'Fanfan' Le Guern, a renowned volcanologist. This finding contributes to the understanding of mineral formation in volcanic environments.
About this title ‐ The Aeolian Islands Volcanoes
The Aeolian Islands represent one of the most active volcanic systems in the Mediterranean, featuring both active (Stromboli and Vulcano) and dormant (Panarea and Lipari) volcanoes. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of their geological features, stratigraphy, structural evolution, and magmatic history, while also examining the geodynamic setting that influences magma origin and evolution. A key focus is on natural hazards associated with these active and dormant volcanoes. The research incorporates new 1:10,000-scale geological maps of the islands and bathymetric maps of sectors of the archipelago, along with an extensive dataset of rock compositions. These findings offer critical insights into the volcanic processes shaping this unique region.
Adranosite-(Fe), (NH4)4NaFe2(SO4)4Cl(OH)2, a new ammonium sulfate chloride from La Fossa Crater, Vulcano, Aeolian Islands, Italy
Researchers have discovered adranosite-(Fe), a new mineral with the ideal formula (NH4)4NaFe2(SO4)4Cl(OH)2, at La Fossa Crater on Vulcano Island in the Aeolian Islands, Italy. This iron-rich analogue of adranosite forms pale yellow acicular crystals and is structurally characterized by NaO4Cl2 square tetragonal bipyramids linked through helicoidal chains with composition [FeO4(OH)2SO4]n. The mineral's discovery sheds light on its formation in high-temperature, anthropogenic environments, similar to those found in coal dumps. The study employed single-crystal X-ray diffraction and chemical analysis to elucidate its structure, density (measured: 2.18(1) g/cm³; calculated: 2.195 g/cm³), and optical properties, including uniaxial negative birefringence with ω = 1.58(1) and ε = 1.57(1). This finding expands the known mineralogy of volcanic environments and highlights the significance of anthropogenic influences on mineral formation.
Bronze Age pottery from the Aeolian Islands: definition of Temper Compositional Reference Units by an integrated mineralogical and microchemical approach
Researchers have identified four distinct Temper Compositional Reference Units (TCRUs) for Bronze Age pottery from the Aeolian Islands, enabling precise provenance discrimination. By analyzing a statistically significant sample of 186 volcanic temper-bearing potteries, the study integrated mineralogical and microchemical approaches, including multivariate analysis, Electron Microprobe, and Laser Ablation—Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). Two TCRUs (AI and AX) were distinctly characterized by unique trace element enrichment and petrographic composition, primarily associated with Lipari and Stromboli, respectively. The other two units (AIV and AVIII), linked to Filicudi and Stromboli, exhibited distinct petrographic features but overlapping geochemical profiles. This method enhances understanding of pottery dispersion during the Capo Graziano culture (2300–1430 BC) and provides a robust framework for archaeological provenance studies.
Chapter 14 Stromboli volcano, Aeolian Islands (Italy): present eruptive activity and hazards
Stromboli volcano, located in the Aeolian Islands, Italy, is renowned for its persistent volcanic activity and characteristic gas plume. A recent study reassesses volcanic hazards using data from a new monitoring system and analyses of past crises (2002–2003 and 2007). The research highlights that while normal Strombolian explosions are common, they can be interrupted by violent paroxysmal events and lava flows, posing occasional risks to the island's two settled areas—Stromboli village (c. 500 inhabitants) and Ginostra (c. 40 inhabitants), with summer populations reaching up to 5,000. Hazards include ballistic and tephra fallout, pyroclastic flows, wildfires, minor lahars, and landslides in the Sciara del Fuoco depression, which can generate tsunamis. The study provides critical insights into the volcanic risks facing this UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Chapter 4 Bathy-morphological setting of the Aeolian Islands
Recent multibeam swath bathymetry has revealed that the submarine extension of the Aeolian Islands is significantly larger than previously understood, extending far beyond their visible landmasses. This discovery provides critical insights into the evolution of volcanism in the region, the influence of structural lineaments, and the location of large-scale flank instability events, as well as evidence of recent submarine eruptive activity. The study presents updated bathymetric maps for the western, central, and eastern sectors of the archipelago, offering a more comprehensive understanding of the submarine landscape. These findings are accessible online or on a DVD included with the printed book.
CheckStation: software per il controllo dello stato di funzionamento della Rete Sismica Permanente
CheckStation is a novel software tool designed to streamline the monitoring of the Aeolian Islands' Seismic Network (RSP), managed by the National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology (INGV) in Catania. The software addresses critical inefficiencies in existing proprietary tools like Nanometrics®, which lack real-time anomaly detection and prioritization. CheckStation provides an intuitive graphical interface that instantly identifies severe operational anomalies across all stations, including seismic sensors, radio bridges, and VSAT centers, significantly reducing manual oversight time. By automating daily health checks and prioritizing alerts, the tool mitigates human error and delays in detecting malfunctions, thereby enhancing the network's overall efficiency. This innovation supports INGV's efforts to maintain a robust seismic monitoring system across active volcanic and seismic regions, including Sicily and the Aeolian Islands.
Chemical Composition and Free Radical Scavenging Activity of the Essential Oil of Achillea ligustica Growing Wild in Lipari (Aeolian Islands, Sicily)
A study of the essential oil from Achillea ligustica in Lipari, Aeolian Islands, reveals its chemical composition and strong free radical scavenging activity. The dominant compound, (Z)-chrysanthenyl acetate, accounts for nearly 30% of the oil, followed by viridiflorol, bornyl acetate, and 1,8-cineole. Unlike previous studies on this species, the Aeolian population shows distinct variations in composition. The oil's antioxidant potential was quantified using DPPH and ABTS assays, highlighting its therapeutic promise. This research contributes to understanding the biogeochemical diversity of Mediterranean flora while underscoring the plant's bioactive properties.
Lucabindiite, (K,NH4)As4O6(Cl,Br), a new fumarole mineral from the "La Fossa" crater at Vulcano, Aeolian Islands, Italy
A new mineral, lucabindiite, (K,NH4)As4O6(Cl,Br), has been discovered in the fumaroles of Vulcano's 'La Fossa' crater within Italy's UNESCO-listed Aeolian Islands. This hexagonal mineral forms as colorless to white, transparent encrustations at 170°C, characterized by its unique crystal structure featuring neutral As2O3 sheets separated by interlayer potassium, ammonium, and halide atoms. Lucabindiite is the natural analog of synthetic phases with a similar formula and is named in honor of Luca Bindi, Professor of Mineralogy at the University of Florence. The discovery was made through chemical analysis and X-ray diffraction, revealing its distinct composition and structure, contributing to our understanding of mineral formation in high-temperature volcanic environments.
Rapporto sulle attività geofisiche, oceanografiche e di campionamento durante la crociera PANSTR12 con Nave Aretusa: Isole Eolie (Stromboli, Panarea, Salina) (2012-06-30 - 2012-07-14)
A significant discovery from the PANSTR12 expedition reveals that the Sciara del Fuoco, a prominent morphological feature on Stromboli's western flank, exhibits distinct magnetic signatures linked to its deformative structure. This finding underscores the importance of monitoring such instability zones for comprehensive volcanic risk assessment. The study employed advanced geophysical and oceanographic techniques, including multibeam surveys and magnetometric measurements, to characterize the submerged portions of the Sciara del Fuoco and surrounding areas. Additionally, the expedition aimed to track the evolutionary processes of gas eruptions in Panarea's vicinity, providing insights into the tectonic and geodynamic dynamics of the Aeolian volcanic arc. Conducted by a collaboration between INGV, ISMAR (CNR), and IIM, this research contributes crucial data for understanding the complex interactions between volcanic activity and structural instability in UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
Plant Remains and AMS: Dating Climate Change in the Aeolian Islands (Northeastern Sicily) During the 2nd Millennium BC
Aeolian Islands experienced fluctuating rainfall intensity during the 2nd millennium BC, with evidence pointing to significant short-term climate variability. This finding emerges from a study analyzing stable carbon isotope ratios (δ13C) and radiocarbon dating (14C) of archaeological plant remains from three protohistoric sites in the archipelago. The research reveals that changes in rainfall patterns, inferred from isotopic signatures, align with shifts in regional vegetation cover, as corroborated by pollen data. By integrating these climate signals with the history of Aeolian communities, the study also assesses the resilience of early settlers to environmental stress. This approach combines paleoclimatological and archaeological methods to reconstruct past climatic conditions and their societal impacts.
Sul Terremoto Profondo delle Isole Eolie del 23 Novembre 1954
Research confirms that the Aeolian Islands, part of the lower Tyrrhenian region, are situated above deep seismic centers ranging from 200 to 300 kilometers beneath the Earth's surface. These centers align with the active volcanic arc comprising Etna, Stromboli, and Vesuvius, mirroring characteristics found in certain Pacific Ring of Fire regions. The study leverages microsismic data to reveal this structural alignment, suggesting that the Aeolian Islands' geological setting—marked by active or recently extinct volcanism, significant marine depths, and positive isostatic anomalies—contributes to its seismic activity patterns, akin to those observed in subduction zones.
Total CO2 output from Vulcano island (Aeolian Islands, Italy)
Vulcano Island, part of the UNESCO-listed Aeolian Islands, releases approximately 500 tons of CO2 daily through various sources including fumaroles, soil gas, and dissolved gases. The study, conducted during a period of moderate volcanic activity (September 2007), found that the summit area of La Fossa cone is the primary contributor, accounting for 91% of the total emissions—453 tons per day—with 362 tons from crater fumaroles and 91 tons from soil degassing. Peripheral areas contribute a smaller but significant amount (≈20 tons/day), comparable to CO2 dissolved in water (6 tons/day) and bubbling seawater (4 tons/day). The research used SO2 output measurements for fumarole emissions and an accumulation chamber method for soil gas, providing insights into the volcanic-hydrothermal system's mass release and thermal energy dynamics.
Hydrogeology of Stromboli volcano, Aeolian Islands (Italy) from the interpretation of resistivity tomograms, self-potential, soil temperature and soil CO2 concentration measurements
A hydrothermal system beneath Stromboli volcano, Italy, extends farther and deeper than previously thought, posing potential risks to the stability of its eastern flank. Researchers used resistivity tomograms, self-potential measurements, soil temperature, and CO2 concentrations along two profiles spanning 4.8 km and 3.5 km to map shallow aquifers and the hydrothermal system's extent. The study revealed a broad lateral extension of low-resistivity zones (15–60 ohm m) near villages like Scari and San Vincenzo, corroborated by temperature data from shallow wells. Notably, the hydrothermal body reaches the lower third of the Rina Grande sector collapse area, suggesting mechanical instability due to its proximity to an old collapse boundary. Self-potential data further pinpointed an aquifer above these villages, aiding depth estimation.
Hydrothermal Breccia Textures and Processes: Lisca Bianca Islet, Panarea Volcano, Aeolian Islands, Italy
Research on Lisca Bianca Islet, Panarea Volcano, Aeolian Islands, reveals the cyclical formation of hydrothermal breccias through progressive fracturing and sealing by natroalunite. These breccias, characterized by jigsaw-fit clast textures and variable hydrothermal alteration, are distinguished from primary volcanic facies. The study identifies five distinct facies based on grain size, clast fabric, and alteration degree, providing insights into the complex interplay between fluid pressure, fracturing, and permeability in shallow hydrothermal systems. This work advances understanding of hydrothermal processes in submarine to subaerial volcanic complexes.
Presenza di Ommastrephes bartramii (Mollusca, Cephalopoda) nelle acque dell'Arcipelago delle Isole Eolie
Researchers documented the presence of the neon flying squid (Ommastrephes bartramii) in the waters around the Aeolian Islands (Isole Eolie), Southern Tyrrhenian Sea, marking a significant biogeographical observation. Between September 2007 and October 2008, 379 specimens were sampled, ranging from 18 mm to 654 mm mantle length, with the largest weighing approximately 10 kg. This discovery challenges the species' rarity in the Mediterranean, where it was previously considered sporadic or difficult to find. The study highlights its broad bathymetric distribution (100–1500 m depth) and contributes to understanding its epipelagic and mesopelagic habitat preferences.
Pyrometamorphic Processes at the Magma-Hydrothermal System Interface of Active Volcanoes: Evidence from Buchite Ejecta of Stromboli (Aeolian Islands, Italy)
Recent paroxysmal explosions at Stromboli volcano (Aeolian Islands, Italy) ejected pyrometamorphic rocks, classified as buchites, providing evidence of high-temperature, low-pressure contact metamorphism at the magma-hydrothermal system interface. The study identified three distinct facies within these ejecta—cordierite-plagioclase, mullite-plagioclase palisade, and tridymite-clinopyroxene—indicating complex interactions between hydrothermally altered volcanic rocks and basaltic magma. Mineral growth patterns, such as plagioclase palisades and clinopyroxene coronae, along with pseudoporphyritic microstructures, support the origin of these buchites from hydrothermally altered rocks of the Vancori edifice, which underwent partial melting due to contact with ascending magma. The research highlights the dynamic processes occurring in active island arc volcanoes, where acidic hydrothermal fluids alter volcanic protoliths, leading to diverse alteration facies and subsequent pyrometamorphism.
Structure refinement of Ag-free heyrovskyite from Vulcano (Aeolian Islands, Italy)
Researchers have identified the first single-crystal structure refinement of silver (Ag)- and copper (Cu)-free heyrovskýite, a rare mineral found in the high-temperature fumaroles of La Fossa crater on Vulcano Island, part of Italy's Aeolian Islands. The study reveals that heyrovskýite deviates slightly from its ideal composition (Pb6Bi2S9) due to vacancies and selenium substitutions, with lead (Pb) predominantly occupying specific sites while bismuth (Bi) is mixed in others. This finding supports a structural model suggesting that heyrovskýite exists as a fully disordered polymorph of Pb6Bi2S9, contrasting with its ordered monoclinic counterpart, aschamalmite. The study also notes that Ag incorporation increases disorder and stabilizes the orthorhombic form of heyrovskýite.
Transmission electron microscopy investigation of Ag-free lillianite and heyrovskyite from Vulcano, Aeolian Islands, Italy
Researchers have identified the first evidence of incommensurate structural modulation in heyrovskýite (Pb6Bi2S9), a rare silver- and copper-free sulfosalt from Vulcano, Aeolian Islands. This unique modulation, characterized by an angle of ~29° relative to the b* axis and a wavelength of ~75 Å, suggests a possible ordering process of Pb and Bi cations or vacancies within the mineral's structure. While ion-milling during sample preparation may have induced this feature, its potential as a primary characteristic of heyrovskýite cannot be excluded. The study employed transmission electron microscopy (TEM), including selected area electron diffraction (SAED) and high-resolution TEM (HRTEM), to analyze specimens prepared via crushing, ion-milling, and ultramicrotomy, revealing well-ordered crystals with minor stacking faults and rare nanoscale intergrowths of lillianite and heyrovskýite.
XXXVII Congresso Nazionale Italiano di Biogeografia
The Aeolian Islands, part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site Isole Eolie, serve as a critical case study for understanding Mediterranean biodiversity and biogeography. This congress highlighted the islands' unique position as a hotspot for endemic species, relict flora and fauna, and evolutionary dynamics shaped by insularity and paleogeographic changes. Researchers from multiple disciplines—including terrestrial and marine biogeography, paleontology, and geology—collaborated to analyze historical shifts in faunal and floral distributions, offering insights into the region's complex ecological history. The study also emphasized the impact of human activity on native species and the introduction of invasive species, underscoring the need for targeted conservation strategies.
Aiolosite, Na2(Na2Bi)(SO4)3Cl, a new sulfate isotypic to apatite from La Fossa Crater, Vulcano, Aeolian Islands, Italy
Researchers have discovered aiolosite, a new sulfate mineral isotypic to apatite, in the active medium-temperature intracrater fumarole of La Fossa crater on Vulcano Island, part of Italy's Aeolian Islands. Aiolosite, with the ideal formula Na2(Na2Bi)(SO4)3Cl, occurs as acicular to slender prismatic crystals up to 0.5 mm long, often found alongside alunite, anhydrite, and other minerals in altered pyroclastic breccia. The mineral exhibits hexagonal symmetry, a vitreous luster, and is non-fluorescent with a calculated density of 3.589 g/cm³. Its crystal structure reveals that one Ca site in apatite is exclusively occupied by Na, while the other is statistically distributed between Na and Bi. The SO4²⁻ anion replaces PO4³⁻ in apatite, and chloride or water occupies a partially filled position. The discovery was approved by the IMA CNMNC (No. 2008-015) and represents a significant contribution to mineralogical research.
Applying and validating the PTVA-3 Model at the Aeolian Islands, Italy: assessment of the vulnerability of buildings to tsunamis
A study applying the PTVA-3 Model to assess tsunami vulnerability of buildings in the UNESCO-listed Aeolian Islands, Italy, reveals that 54 structures on Stromboli and 5 on Panarea could be affected by a repeat of the 2002 tsunami. The model's predictions align closely with observed damage from the event, validating its accuracy for prioritizing prevention measures. The islands' high seismic and volcanic risk, combined with historical tsunamis, underscores the need for targeted interventions to mitigate structural vulnerabilities in this popular tourist destination.
Demicheleite-(I), BiSI, a new mineral from La Fossa Crater, Vulcano, Aeolian Islands, Italy
Researchers have discovered demicheleite-(I), BiSI, a new bismuth sulphoiodide mineral, in the active fumaroles of La Fossa Crater on Vulcano Island, part of the UNESCO-listed Aeolian Islands. This is the first naturally occurring bismuth sulphoiodide identified, matching a previously synthesized compound. The mineral appears as dark red to black, acicular crystals up to 0.25 mm long, found alongside other phases like demicheleite-(Br), bismoclite, and bismuthinite. Its orthorhombic crystal structure (space group Pnam) was determined using X-ray diffraction, with a calculated density of 6.411 g/cm³. Chemical analysis revealed an empirical formula close to Bi0.97S1.03(I0.65Br0.25Cl0.10). The discovery highlights the unique mineralogical diversity of volcanic environments and expands the known range of bismuth-based minerals.
Pyrachmonite, (NH4)3Fe(SO4)3, a New Ammonium Iron Sulfate from La Fossa Crater, Vulcano, Aeolian Islands, Italy
Scientists have identified pyracmonite, (NH4)3Fe(SO4)3, a new ammonium iron sulfate mineral, within the active intracrater fumarole of La Fossa crater on Vulcano Island in Italy's Aeolian Islands. This discovery, occurring at approximately 250°C, reveals its trigonal crystal structure and association with other minerals like salammoniac and kremersite. Pyracmonite exhibits unique properties such as a measured density of 2.22(1) g/cm³, an average refractive index of 1.562(3), and a structure identical to synthetic (NH4)3Fe(SO4)3, indicating its significance in mineralogy. The study utilized single-crystal X-ray diffraction, confirming the mineral's isostructural relationship with high-temperature synthetic compounds, thereby advancing our understanding of volcanic minerals.
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