Publications
Multi-scenario analysis of debris flow propagation on the archaeological site of Villa Romana del Casale (Sicily, Italy)
Detailed geometric modeling of historical buildings, including perimeter openings, is crucial for accurately estimating debris flow risks at archaeological sites. A multi-scenario analysis of the Villa Romana del Casale, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Sicily, Italy, demonstrated that such detailed modeling prevents overestimation of outdoor debris flows and provides precise risk assessments for internal areas. The study used two-dimensional numerical modeling to evaluate sediment flow arrival times and debris volumes under various landslide triggers upstream of the site, also assessing the effectiveness of existing hydraulic defense works.
A reanalysis of the lamps from the baths of the Villa Romana del Casale at Piazza Armerina, found in Gentili's excavations of 1950-1955
A reanalysis of lamps from the baths of the Villa Romana del Casale at Piazza Armerina reveals significant trade connections between Sicily and the Eastern Mediterranean, particularly Athens, during the 4th to 5th centuries A.D. The study updates previous catalogues by examining lamp finds from Gentili's excavations (1950-1955), confirming that North African, Tripolitan, and local products dominated the region while also providing evidence of trade routes extending to Athens. This finding is supported by similar lamp discoveries in Syracuse's catacombs, suggesting broader economic interactions during Late Roman and Early Byzantine periods.
High-Resolution TLS and LiDAR Integration for the 3D Mapping of the Villa del Casale Bath Complex
Integration of terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) and LiDAR datasets has enabled the creation of a metrically accurate, high-resolution 3D model of the western bath complex at Villa Romana del Casale, Sicily. This digital surrogate, combining data from 2017 to 2024, supports precise volumetric and spatial analyses, offering new insights into the villa's architectural function, heating systems, and water management. The study highlights the analytical value of multi-sensor, multi-temporal integration, establishing a framework for long-term condition monitoring and conservation planning. It also underscores the potential of 3D documentation as cumulative research infrastructure, moving beyond isolated recording campaigns.
La verifica di un de restauro come criterio per una riflessione necessaria. La Villa Romana del Casale di Piazza Armerina (Enna), dal 1997 nella World Heritage List
A critical reassessment of the restoration approach for the UNESCO-listed Roman Villa del Casale in Piazza Armerina reveals persistent challenges despite advances. While the 1950s restoration by Minissi and Brandi, which used modern materials to protect the site's mosaics, initially addressed structural concerns, long-term maintenance issues led to significant deterioration. A 2007 restoration project, though addressing water infiltration and microclimatic conditions, failed to enhance the villa’s aesthetic or functional appeal, resulting in a design that resembles warehouses rather than preserving the site’s historical grandeur. The study underscores the need for a more holistic approach to conservation, balancing authenticity with modern preservation techniques.
Scenario analysis of debris flows threatening the UNESCO archaeological site of Villa Romana del Casale (Sicily)
A scenario analysis reveals that debris flows pose significant threats to the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Villa Romana del Casale in Sicily, with potential for severe damage to its archaeological remains. The study, combining geomorphological, hydrological investigations and 2D numerical hydraulic modeling, identified vulnerable elements within the site and mapped deposition areas, water depths, and velocity values at both catchment and local scales. This approach provides critical insights into the dynamics of debris flows, aiding in the assessment of risks to cultural heritage and informing potential protection measures.
Safeguarding of the Villa Romana del Casale UNESCO site from severe weather events: the case study of Apollo medicane occurred in October 2021
A comprehensive recovery and conservation project, completed in 2012, significantly enhanced the resilience of the Villa Romana del Casale UNESCO World Heritage Site to extreme weather events. This was demonstrated during the 'Apollo medicane' in October 2021, which subjected the site to severe flooding. The study, conducted using ground-based and satellite measurements, analyzed the impacts of this event on the monumental complex and compared it with previous damage from a flood in 1991. The findings highlight the effectiveness of the conservation strategies implemented, particularly the new covering system and preventive maintenance protocol, which mitigated the effects of the extreme meteorological phenomenon.
Debris-flow hazard assessment at the archaeological UNESCO world heritage site of Villa Romana del Casale (Sicily, Italy)
A comprehensive debris-flow hazard assessment reveals that the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Villa Romana del Casale, Sicily, Italy, is highly vulnerable to rain-triggered debris flows due to its strategic location and the hydro-geomorphological characteristics of its river basin. Historical analyses and field surveys confirm frequent landslides, while two-dimensional hydraulic numerical modeling identifies critical deposition areas, water depth, and speed values, pinpointing the most at-risk archaeological elements. The study also evaluates the effectiveness of existing hydraulic defense systems and proposes a real-time environmental monitoring system—a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) with early warning capabilities—to mitigate risks. This integrated approach combines historical data, geomorphological investigations, and advanced modeling to enhance site protection and inform prevention strategies.
In Ersilia's Footsteps
A groundbreaking project, VILLAE, merges archaeology and game design to revolutionize public engagement with the 4th-Century CE Villa Romana del Casale, a UNESCO World Heritage Site renowned for its extensive Roman mosaics. Despite its cultural significance, the site remains underappreciated due to accessibility challenges. The project utilizes WebGL technology to create an immersive online game that combines accurate 3D reconstructions with narrative storytelling, focusing on the life of pioneering archaeologist Ersilia Caetani-Lovatelli and the evolution of modern Italian archaeology. This innovative approach addresses the balance between digital accuracy and meaningful gameplay, offering a novel method for both academic and public engagement with historical sites.
Diagnostic Activities for the Planned and Preventive Conservation of Mosaic Pavements: The Case Study of the Triclinium of the Villa Romana del Casale (Sicily)
A breakthrough in the conservation of ancient mosaics, particularly those at the UNESCO World Heritage Site Villa Romana del Casale in Sicily, has been achieved through an innovative diagnostic procedure. This method combines laser scanning and thermo-hygrometric investigations to monitor the physical condition of mosaic pavements over time and assess the effectiveness of maintenance work. Unlike traditional approaches, this user-friendly procedure offers a sustainable, long-term solution for preserving these exceptional Roman mosaics, addressing challenges such as economic and technical constraints. The study highlights the potential of integrating advanced technologies into preventive conservation strategies, ensuring the longevity of cultural heritage sites worldwide.
A Methodological Approach Towards Conservation
Conservation of UNESCO World Heritage Sites, such as the Villa Romana del Casale, requires a consistent methodological approach to identify and preserve their inherent values. This study proposes a qualitative methodology that extracts typological, structural, constructional, functional, aesthetic, formal, historical, and symbolic values from historic buildings. By analyzing these values, conservation projects can achieve more objective outcomes and better decision-making processes. The research highlights the need for a standardized approach to conservation, drawing on examples like the Colosseum, Palace of the Partal, and Theatre at Orange, which are widely admired in the heritage conservation community.
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