Publications
Lichen colonization and associated biodeterioration processes on ancient bricks of the Gonbad-e Qābus tower, UNESCO World Heritage Site, Iran
Lichen colonization on the ancient bricks of Gonbad-e Qābus, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Iran, varies significantly with architectural features and microclimatic conditions such as wall geometry, wind direction, rainfall, and sunlight exposure. This study reveals that lichens contribute to biodeterioration by penetrating brick pores with hyphae, secreting acids, and chemically altering mineral constituents. The research characterizes lichen diversity and distribution across different parts of the tower, highlighting how these factors influence conservation efforts. Understanding these relationships is crucial for preventive measures aimed at preserving cultural heritage structures.
Field Observation and Vulnerability Assessment of Gonbad-e Qābus
Gonbad-e Qābus, the world's tallest pure-brick tower at 52.8 meters, stands as a testament to early Islamic architecture amidst urban development. A study reveals that the structure is vulnerable to seismic demands with a return period of 475 years, necessitating retrofit strategies for enhanced stability. The research employs nonlinear finite-element simulations and equivalent lateral static force methods to assess potential structural and architectural damages, providing detailed classifications and proposed solutions. Key findings underscore the urgent need for conservation efforts to preserve this monumental heritage site from seismic risks.
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