Rock-cut tombs and churches in Cappadocia during the Roman and Byzantine periods. The analysis of chaînes opératoires to understand the economy and sociology of the building sites

Rock-cut tombs and churches in Cappadocia, dating to the Roman and Byzantine periods, reveal that their construction required specialized professional skills, challenging the assumption that monks were solely responsible for their creation. Analysis of chaînes opératoires—technical processes and tool marks on soft volcanic ignimbrite—shows complex rock-cutting techniques, suggesting a more organized and skilled workforce than previously thought. This study sheds light on the economy and sociology of these sites, questioning long-held hypotheses about their construction methods. By examining the evolution of techniques and landscape modifications, it also provides insights into why such monuments became widespread only in the medieval period, addressing historical questions like the origin of the 'Troglodyte' appellation for Cappadocia.

Lamesa, A. (2018). Rock-cut tombs and churches in Cappadocia during the Roman and Byzantine periods. The analysis of chaînes opératoires to understand the economy and sociology of the building sites. Merging Techniques & Cultures: Technological Approaches in Archaeology, 75–83. https://doi.org/10.4000/14unr