Publications
Anuran Assemblage Structure in the Serra Da Capivara National Park, Piauí State, North‐Eastern Brazil
Research on the anuran assemblage of Serra da Capivara National Park, Brazil, reveals that while these species do not exhibit spatial or trophic niche partitioning, their habitat preferences are strongly influenced by phylogenetic history. The study analyzed microhabitat use and diet data from 551 individuals across 16 species, employing null models to assess niche dimensions. Findings suggest that spatial patterns in resource use are constrained by evolutionary factors, whereas dietary patterns reflect local ecological adaptability. This dual influence highlights the complex organization of anuran communities in semiarid environments, offering insights into species coexistence mechanisms.
Eating on the Rock Paintings: Diet Composition of Leptodactylus syphax Bokermann, 1969 in the Serra da Capivara National Park, Brazil
A new study reveals that the frog species Leptodactylus syphax in Brazil's Serra da Capivara National Park is a generalist and opportunistic predator, with no significant dietary differences between males and females. Researchers analyzed stomach contents of 16 individuals during the rainy season (January–May 2024), identifying 212 prey items across 16 categories, including Blattaria, Coleoptera, and Hymenoptera (Formicidae) as dominant. Plant fragments were also detected in nine individuals, suggesting a varied diet. The study highlights this species' active foraging strategy and contributes to the limited knowledge of leptodactylid feeding habits.
The Construction of Pedagogies on Femininities: Scenes in Prehistoric Rock Art in Serra da Capivara National Park in São Raimundo Nonato, Piauí, Brazil
Prehistoric rock art in Serra da Capivara National Park, Brazil, reveals nuanced representations of femininity that challenge traditional interpretations. A cultural history approach applied to two key images—one depicting a monogamous sex scene and another potentially representing childbirth or polyandry—highlights the influence of feminist and gender research on understanding these ancient visual narratives. The study suggests that phallic and vulvar imagery, previously interpreted through Western lenses, may reflect complex social dynamics in prehistoric societies.
Assessing the effect of local heterogeneity on anuran diversity in the Serra da Capivara National Park, Piauí State, Brazil
Local habitat heterogeneity does not significantly influence anuran species richness but plays a crucial role in supporting higher abundance and stability of frog populations in the Caatinga biome. Researchers recorded 16 anuran species across five families within Serra da Capivara National Park, Brazil, most of which are endemic or widespread taxa. The study highlights that while species diversity remains consistent, heterogeneous environments enhance population stability, offering key insights for conservation strategies. This research updates the park's anuran checklist and provides evidence for the importance of habitat diversity in maintaining healthy amphibian communities.
Environmental perceptions in rock art: the Serra da Capivara and Serra das Confusões national parks, Brazil
Rock art in Brazil's Serra da Capivara and Serra das Confusões National Parks reveals ancient environmental perceptions, suggesting a wetter climate 20-25 thousand years ago. The study, using Landscape Archaeology, interprets phytomorphic and zoomorphic representations—like the Blastocerus dichotomus—as paleoenvironmental indicators. It also contributes to the debate on the peopling of the Americas, particularly at Toca do Boqueirão da Pedra Furada, while contrasting Western scientific perspectives with indigenous views that see petroglyphs as containing hidden languages.
Social tolerance and success-biased social learning underlie the cultural transmission of an induced extractive foraging tradition in a wild tool-using primate
Researchers demonstrate that social tolerance and success-biased social learning are critical for the cultural transmission of extractive foraging traditions in wild bearded capuchins (Sapajus libidinosus) within Serra da Capivara National Park. The study, using social network analysis and an open diffusion experiment with an induced foraging task, found that while general social tolerance facilitated opportunities for learning, tolerance during task introductions directly influenced the pathways of information diffusion. Capuchins primarily learned through direct observation, showing a bias toward successful males, supporting evidence for cultural transmission in these tool-using primates. These findings highlight the role of social dynamics and learning strategies in both human and nonhuman primate cultural evolution.
Greater tool use diversity is associated with increased terrestriality in wild capuchin monkeys
A positive correlation between terrestriality and stone tool use diversity has been identified in wild capuchin monkeys (Sapajus libidinosus) at Serra da Capivara National Park, Brazil. The study found that increased time spent on the ground—accounting for 41% of their behavior—was linked to a more diversified use of stone tools, supporting the hypothesis that terrestriality enhances tool innovation opportunities. Using scan sampling over 23 months, researchers recorded substrate use and behaviors, revealing age-related differences in terrestriality while noting no sex-based variation. Compared to another capuchin population with a limited tool repertoire, these monkeys exhibited significantly higher ground use (43% vs. 27%), reinforcing the connection between terrestriality and tool complexity.
Insights into the evolutionary history of the most skilled tool-handling platyrrhini monkey: Sapajus libidinosus from the Serra da Capivara National Park
Researchers have uncovered that the capuchin monkey Sapajus libidinosus, residing in Brazil's Serra da Capivara National Park, exhibits a unique evolutionary trajectory linked to advanced tool-use behaviors. Their study reveals a discrete but constant population growth since the Holocene, coinciding with the emergence of the Caatinga biome—a semi-arid ecosystem rich in hard fruits and seeds processed using tools. Genetic analysis (CYTB sequences) suggests that S. libidinosus developed and maintained its autochthonous culture through cognitive innovation, social learning tolerance, adaptive genetic traits, terrestriality, and abundant natural resources. These factors created 'hot spots' for cultural diversification, enabling the species to thrive in a challenging environment with remarkable tool-handling skills surpassing those of other non-human primates.
Representations of ancestral sexuality in rock art, Serra da Capivara National Park, Piauí, Brazil
Rock art from Serra da Capivara National Park, Brazil, reveals that ancestral sexuality was not a private or hidden aspect of life but an integral part of sociocultural expression. The park, home to over 1,000 archaeological sites recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, contains depictions of sexual themes that challenge modern Western perceptions of obscenity. These engravings and paintings, studied since the 1970s, document aspects of prehistoric life such as hunting, ceremonies, and social interactions, offering insights into the complex relationship between sexuality and societal norms in ancient cultures.
Território
A study highlights the nocturnal biodiversity surrounding the Museu da Natureza within Serra da Capivara National Park, capturing unique video footage of animals active during nighttime. The research provides a visual and ecological snapshot of the park's less-explored nocturnal fauna, offering insights into their behavior and habitat interactions. By projecting these videos, the study aims to raise awareness about the park's rich biodiversity while contributing to conservation efforts. The approach combines field observations with video documentation, emphasizing the importance of nocturnal species in understanding ecosystem dynamics within this UNESCO World Heritage Site.
What does caring HRD look like in practice? A case study of two social enterprises in Brazil
Caring Human Resource Development (HRD) in practice involves a reciprocal, systemic approach that integrates moral values into an organization's mission, culture, and processes. This study, conducted through qualitative interviews and documentation analysis of two social enterprises near Serra da Capivara National Park, Brazil, reveals that such an approach is particularly relevant for organizations operating in complex, collaborative social contexts. Unlike previous research focusing solely on leaders' behaviors towards employees, this work expands the scope of care interventions to encompass the entire organizational system, including its environment and surrounding community. The findings underscore the importance of ethical care as a guiding normative for HRD, offering practical strategies that address societal challenges such as inequality, systemic racism, and environmental degradation.
Five Practices for Building Local Capacity in Sustainability-Driven Entrepreneurship for Place-Based Transformations
Research identifies five key practices that foster sustainability-driven entrepreneurship and support place-based transformations, particularly within UNESCO World Heritage Sites. These practices—rooted in relational values of care and social-ecological systems thinking—include caring for the local place, place-based learning, and regenerative organizing. The study, conducted through case analysis in Serra da Capivara National Park, Brazil, expands the Critical Human Resource Development (CHRD) framework by incorporating a nonhuman dimension, emphasizing how such practices can drive significant changes in social-ecological contexts. This approach highlights the importance of considering both human and nonhuman stakeholders in sustainability efforts.
Rock Art Conservation in the Serra Branca Valley, Serra da Capivara National Park, Piauí, Brazil
A comprehensive assessment of rock art conservation challenges and strategies in the Serra Branca Valley, Serra da Capivara National Park, Brazil, reveals that integrated approaches combining physical protection, environmental monitoring, and community engagement are critical for preserving these irreplaceable cultural assets. The study identified key threats such as climate variability, biological agents, and human-induced damage, emphasizing the need for adaptive management frameworks tailored to the region's unique conditions. Researchers employed a multidisciplinary approach, including microclimate analysis, material characterization of rock art panels, and participatory mapping with local communities, to develop context-specific conservation interventions. This work underscores the importance of long-term, collaborative efforts in safeguarding UNESCO-listed sites against both natural and anthropogenic pressures.
O legado de Niède Guidon no semiárido brasileiro: a percepção de condutores de visitantes do Parque Nacional Serra da Capivara
A groundbreaking qualitative study reveals the profound and lasting impact of Dr. Niède Guidon on Serra da Capivara National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Brazil's semi-arid region. Through interviews with 50 park guides, researchers found that 80% recognize her pivotal role in establishing the park and fostering regional development. Her initiatives, including the implementation of educational programs on environmental awareness and solid waste management, as well as continuous training for guides since 1993, have created a self-sustainable model that aligns with ecotourism, archaeological tourism, and geopark principles. This study highlights how Guidon's efforts have transformed the park into a global example of sustainable management, benefiting both conservation goals and local communities.
A long-term assessment of fire regimes in a Brazilian ecotone between seasonally dry tropical forests and savannah
In the semiarid Caatinga-Cerrado ecotone of Brazil, fire recurrence and climate interact in a cyclical pattern where years with above-average precipitation are followed by increased burned areas due to drier conditions. Over 19 years (1999–2017), 48% of the Capivara-Confusões Mosaic was affected by fire, with Serra das Confusões National Park experiencing significant recurrence (up to four times) while Serra da Capivara National Park showed no recurrence. Fire activity peaked during the middle dry season (36% of the area burned), with minimal impact in the early dry season (<0.01%). The study used 306 Landsat images to map burned areas at 30-meter resolution, linking fire dynamics to climatic seasons and identifying recurrent patterns near human settlements or topographical barriers.
Attitudinal, conceptual, and procedural dimensions of the knowledge of trail guides in national parks
Research reveals significant differences and consistencies in the knowledge dimensions of trail guides (TGs) within UNESCO-listed Serra da Capivara National Park (SCNP). The study, involving 79 TGs from SCNP and Caparaó National Park (CNP), identified disparities in conceptual knowledge—such as understanding park ecology and history—and procedural knowledge, including trail-walking techniques. However, attitudinal aspects, like environmental stewardship and visitor engagement, remained consistent across both parks. The findings underscore the need for enhanced training programs incorporating physical education, environmental education, exercise physiology, and first aid to improve TGs' effectiveness in delivering educational experiences while minimizing ecological impact.
Aula Campal Multidisciplinar no Parque Nacional da Serra da Capivara-Pi / Multidisciplinary Camp Class in the Serra da Capivara-Pi National Park
A multidisciplinary educational initiative at Serra da Capivara National Park (PNSC) successfully bridged classroom learning with field-based exploration, deepening students' understanding of prehistoric art and cultural heritage. The study involved high school students from the Escola Sesi Ignez Pitta de Almeida, integrating disciplines such as Art, History, Geography, and Biology to analyze and interpret prehistoric representations in situ. Conducted between 2019 and 2020, the project combined theoretical studies—including seminars, research, and reflective descriptions—with a three-day field trip to PNSC and the Museu do Homem Americano. This approach not only enhanced students' comprehension of multidisciplinary concepts but also served as a pedagogical tool for educators, demonstrating the effectiveness of integrating fieldwork into academic curricula.
Aula Multidisciplinar no Parque Nacional da Serra da Capivara-Pi / Multidisciplinary Camp Class in the Serra da Capivara-Pi National Park
A multidisciplinary educational initiative at Serra da Capivara National Park (PNSC) successfully bridged classroom learning with hands-on field experiences, enhancing students' understanding of prehistoric art and cultural heritage. The study, conducted in 2019, involved high school students from the Escola Sesi Ignez Pitta de Almeida, integrating subjects such as Art, History, Geography, and Biology. Through a combination of theoretical studies, seminars, and fieldwork at PNSC—including visits to the Museu do Homem Americano and Museu da Natureza—the project demonstrated how immersive learning in preserved historical and biological sites can deepen comprehension of complex academic concepts. The approach highlighted the value of multidisciplinary collaboration and field-based education in fostering both student engagement and pedagogical innovation.
Valoração econômica de bens e serviços ecossistêmicos no Parque Nacional da Serra da Capivara: uma abordagem baseada no Método do Custo de Viagem
Serra da Capivara National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in northeastern Brazil, generates an estimated annual recreational use value of R$ 7.1 million through tourism, with potential for up to R$ 2.1 billion if fully realized. This valuation highlights its significance as a cultural and natural destination, attracting visitors who prioritize landscape observation, museum visits, and archaeological sites. The study used the Travel Cost Method via an online survey of tourists in June 2019, revealing that most visitors are highly educated and affluent, willing to pay entrance fees for conservation. These findings underscore the need for infrastructure investments and environmental protection to sustain both ecological integrity and economic tourism.
A marsupial assemblage (Mammalia, Didelphimorphia) from the Quaternary of the Serra Da Capivara, State of Piauí, Brazil
Researchers uncovered six species of didelphid marsupials from four Quaternary sites within Serra da Capivara National Park, Brazil, marking new fossil records for the region. The study identified Monodelphis domestica, M. americana, Didelphis albiventris, Cryptonanus agricolai, Gracilinanus agilis, and Thylamys karimii through analysis of fragmented jaw fossils. While megafauna suggested a Pleistocene age, radiocarbon dating revealed Holocene ages (5,550–1,670 years BP), indicating temporal mixing in the sites. All identified taxa persist today in the Caatinga biome, implying taxonomic stability since at least the Middle Holocene. The findings highlight didelphids' utility as paleoenvironmental indicators and contribute to understanding Quaternary mammal assemblages in northeastern Brazil.
A new species of Nothobrya Arlé, 1961 (Collembola: Entomobryidae) from Brazil and notes on key characters for Nothobryinae taxonomy, with an identification key to the species of the subfamily
Researchers have identified a new species of Nothobrya, Nothobrya sertaneja, within the Collembola subfamily Entomobryidae, collected from Serra da Capivara National Park in Brazil's Caatinga Biome. This discovery expands the known diversity of the genus by distinguishing it from the two previously described species based on key morphological traits, including antennomeres, metatrochanteral organ chaetae, tenaculum structure, and inner unguis teeth. The study also provides the first complete dorsal chaetotaxy description for the genus and subfamily, along with a revised diagnosis and identification key to facilitate species differentiation. These findings enhance our understanding of Collembola taxonomy and contribute to biodiversity documentation in this UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Bryophytes of Serra da Capivara National Park, Piauí, Brazil
A bryofloristic survey of Serra da Capivara National Park, located in the Caatinga biome of Brazil, identified 62 species of bryophytes, including mosses, hepatics, and a hornwort. The study revealed that about 60% of these species have broad distributions across Brazil, while others exhibit moderate or restricted distributions. Notably, 22 species were recorded for the first time in the Caatinga biome, 34 in the state of Piauí, and two in the Northeast Region of Brazil. This survey underscores the significance of Serra da Capivara National Park as a critical area for bryophyte conservation, highlighting the importance of continued floristic inventories in Brazil to better understand its diverse and understudied bryoflora.
Morphological and Genetic Characterization of Nematodes of the Opossum Didelphis albiventris and the Armadillo Dasypus novemcinctus from Serra da Capivara National Park
Researchers have identified four species of nematodes belonging to the Aspidoderidae family and one from Trichostrongylidae, associated with the opossum Didelphis albiventris and the armadillo Dasypus novemcinctus, in Serra da Capivara National Park (SCNP), Brazil. This marks a new geographic record for these species, expanding their known distribution. The study employed integrative taxonomic analysis, combining morphological, ultrastructural (via scanning electron microscopy), and genetic approaches to characterize the nematodes. Notably, it provides the first partial sequences of 18S rRNA (SSU) and 28S rRNA (LSU) genes for Aspidoderidae species, along with additional genetic data, including mitochondrial DNA sequences. These findings contribute to our understanding of parasitic fauna in SCNP, a region significant for its prehistoric sites.
Funerary Practices at the Toca do Gongo III Site during the Late Holocene in Serra da Capivara (Piauí, Brazil)
Archaeological research at the Toca do Gongo III site, within UNESCO World Heritage-listed Serra da Capivara National Park, reveals previously undocumented funerary practices of semi-sedentary horticultural-ceramist groups inhabiting Brazil's semi-arid Caatinga region during the Late Holocene (c. A.D. 1390–1630). Bioarchaeological analysis of 12 burials—including pit graves and ceramic urn deposits—highlights a predominance of juvenile remains, offering new insights into mortuary customs in the Brazilian northeast. The study compares these findings with other regional sites, tracing funerary traditions from the Late Pleistocene to Late Holocene, thereby addressing significant gaps in understanding prehistoric burial practices. This research contributes critical data on the cultural and social organization of ancient groups in a globally recognized archaeological landscape.
Late Pleistocene Deer in the Region of the National Park “Serra da Capivara” (Piauí, Brazil)
A groundbreaking discovery in the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Serra da Capivara National Park, Piauí, Brazil, reveals the presence of two deer species during the Late Pleistocene epoch. Fossil analysis from the Lagoa dos Porcos deposit identified a small deer (genus Mazama) and a larger, previously unrecorded species in the region, Morenelaphus sp. This marks the first documentation of Morenelaphus in Piauí State, significantly expanding its known paleogeographic distribution. The study also highlights ecological distinctions between cervid fauna in the park's karstic areas and the alluvial plain of Lagoa dos Porcos, offering new insights into Pleistocene biodiversity patterns in northeastern Brazil.
Solos Frágeis do Parque Nacional da Serra da Capivara, Piauí
Fragile soils in Serra da Capivara National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site renowned for its significant archaeological sites, exhibit high susceptibility to erosion due to their incipient development and the sparse, deciduous caatinga vegetation. The study identified seven soil profiles, primarily classified as Entisols or Inceptisols, with marked variations in morphological, chemical, and granulometric attributes reflecting diverse geological origins. Five of these profiles are particularly vulnerable to degradation, especially those derived from pelitic rocks of the Pimenteiras Formation, which show exposed bedrock and severe erosion. These findings underscore the urgent need for specialized soil management practices to mitigate environmental degradation in this semi-arid tropical region.
Cashew Nut Positioning during Stone Tool Use by Wild Bearded Capuchin Monkeys (Sapajus libidinosus)
Wild bearded capuchin monkeys (Sapajus libidinosus) at Serra da Capivara National Park, Brazil, employ two distinct techniques to position cashew nuts on an anvil before cracking them with stone tools. The arched position, previously undocumented, allows for more efficient nut-cracking by requiring less force than the traditional lateral positioning. This rare behavior was observed in only 6 out of 20 adult monkeys, suggesting it may require significant experience or social learning to master. Additionally, dry cashew nuts often needed preliminary processing to remove one lobe before being placed in an arched position, indicating a complex ontogeny. The study highlights the intricate tool-use behaviors exhibited by these primates and suggests further research is needed to fully understand the role of social learning in this technique.
Digging up food: excavation stone tool use by wild capuchin monkeys
Research at Serra da Capivara National Park reveals that capuchin monkeys employ stone tools to excavate food, challenging the 'necessity hypothesis' of tool use. While these primates primarily forage with their hands, they also utilize stones to loosen soil when digging for tubers, roots, and trapdoor spiders. Contrary to expectations, the study found no support for the fallback food hypothesis, which suggests tool use is driven by accessing scarce resources. Instead, a positive correlation emerged between plant food availability and stone tool frequency, indicating that capuchins may rely on tools when abundant food is present. This insight sheds new light on the ecological and behavioral factors influencing primate tool use in wild settings.
Estudo químico de eflorescências salinas do sítio arqueológico Toca Exú do Jurubeba do Parque Nacional Serra da Capivara, Piauí, Brasil
A study of saline efflorescences at the archaeological site Toca Exú do Jurubeba in Serra da Capivara National Park, Brazil, revealed four distinct chemical compositions: hydrated calcium oxalate combined with kaolinite, gypsum, tetrahydrate calcium nitrate, and fossilized aluminosilicates. These efflorescences, which often obscure rock art—part of the park's globally significant archaeological heritage—were analyzed using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. The findings provide critical insights for developing conservation strategies to protect the site's vulnerable rock art from degradation.
Female bearded capuchin monkeys (Sapajus libidinosus) use objects to solicit the sexual partner.
Female bearded capuchin monkeys (Sapajus libidinosus) in Serra da Capivara National Park and another population use stones or branches to solicit sexual partners, primarily the alpha male. This behavior, observed during one-way courtship phases before male reciprocation, suggests an affiliative intent to attract attention. The study, involving video recordings of four females over nine proceptive periods, found that 95% of episodes involved pushing or dropping objects, with 93% linked to affiliative behaviors. Notably, only the female not using objects solicited a subordinate male. These findings highlight a potential link between tool-use in foraging and courtship behavior, raising questions about whether such behaviors are exclusive to populations already primed for object use.
Sigmodontine rodents (Rodentia, Cricetidae) from Quaternary cave deposits of Serra da Capivara, Northeastern Brazil
A groundbreaking discovery in the Quaternary cave deposits of Serra da Capivara National Park, Northeastern Brazil, reveals the first record of Bibimys, a sigmodontine rodent genus, extending its paleobiogeographic range beyond its current distribution. This finding challenges existing assumptions about the historical distribution of this group. Researchers analyzed sigmodontine remains from three caves—Toca do Gordo do Garrincho, Toca do Barrigudo, and Toca do Serrote das Moendas—and identified seven taxa, including Bibimys sp., Necromys lasiurus, Pseudoryzomys simplex, Holochilus sciureus, Cerradomys sp., Calomys sp., and Wiedomys sp. The study underscores the significant paleontological potential of Serra da Capivara’s deposits in elucidating biogeographic dynamics during the Quaternary period.
The role of climate and environmental variables in structuring bird assemblages in the Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests (SDTFs)
Bird species richness peaks during the rainy season and declines significantly in dry periods within Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests (SDTFs), revealing strong seasonal climate influences on bird communities. This pattern, observed in Serra da Capivara National Park and adjacent areas, underscores how environmental heterogeneity and spatial factors shape both species diversity and composition. While local environmental conditions primarily drive richness, variations in species composition are more strongly linked to broader environmental and spatial dynamics. The study highlights the vulnerability of these ecosystems to climate change, particularly frequent droughts and rising temperatures, which threaten desertification and biodiversity loss—exacerbated by deforestation and insufficient conservation efforts. These findings emphasize the need for targeted conservation strategies to mitigate climate-driven disruptions in xeric environments like Brazil's Caatinga biome.
Living in extreme environments: modeling habitat suitability for jaguars, pumas, and their prey in a semiarid habitat
In the semi-arid Caatinga biome of Brazil, water management strategies implemented since 1994 have significantly enhanced habitat suitability (HS) for jaguars, pumas, and their prey species. A study using camera traps and Ecological Niche Factor Analysis (ENFA) revealed that distance to waterholes was the most critical factor influencing HS across all species examined—including 3-banded armadillos, 9-banded armadillos, collared peccaries, and gray brocket deer. The research applied an 'edge of niche' algorithm to account for the physiological constraints faced by these species in extreme environments. By combining topographic data with waterhole locations, the study demonstrated that proactive water management in Serra da Capivara National Park (SCNP) is pivotal for maintaining biodiversity in arid ecosystems.
Morphology and molecular analysis ofOncicola venezuelensis(Acanthocephala: Oligacanthorhynchidae) from the ocelotLeopardus pardalisin Brazil
A groundbreaking discovery reveals the ultrastructural details of Oncicola venezuelensis, a parasitic acanthocephalan, including its unique proboscis with 36 hooks arranged in six longitudinal rows. This study, conducted in Serra da Capivara National Parkmarks the first genetic analysis of this species, providing new sequences for ribosomal DNA regions (ITS1, 5.8S, ITS2) and partial 28S rRNA. The research combines morphological, ultrastructural, and molecular data to deepen our understanding of Oncicola diversity, confirming its close phylogenetic relationship with the Oligacanthorhynchidae family. The findings highlight the importance of genetic profiling in unraveling the complexity of parasitic species, offering insights into their evolutionary ties with mammalian hosts.
The manifold use of pounding stone tools by wild capuchin monkeys of Serra da Capivara National Park, Brazil
Wild capuchin monkeys (Sapajus libidinosus) in Serra da Capivara National Park, Brazil, exhibit a uniquely diverse use of pounding stone tools (PSTs), surpassing other known populations. Unlike most capuchins that primarily use PSTs to open hard palm nuts, these monkeys employ them for multiple purposes: cracking seeds and fruits, breaking or enlarging holes in tree trunks or rocks, pulverizing pebbles, and sequentially with probe stick tools to access hidden prey. The study suggests active selection of larger stones, indicating a sophisticated tool choice behavior. This research highlights the remarkable cognitive flexibility and adaptability of these capuchins, offering new insights into their behavioral ecology.
Wild capuchin monkeys adjust stone tools according to changing nut properties
Wild bearded capuchin monkeys (Sapajus libidinosus) in Brazil's Serra da Capivara National Park demonstrate the ability to adjust their stone tool use based on the maturation stage of cashew nuts. The study found that while fresh, caustic cashew nuts are easier to crack, the monkeys prefer using larger stones to process them, likely to minimize contact with the hazardous substance. This indicates a sophisticated adaptation in foraging behavior, as capuchins distinguish between nut stages within the same species and modify their tool selection accordingly. Researchers conducted field experiments using stones of varying weights and two maturation stages of cashew nuts to test this hypothesis, revealing nuanced cognitive flexibility in wild primates.
Comportamento turístico dos visitantes do Parque Nacional da Serra da Capivara
A study analyzing tourist behavior at Serra da Capivara National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Brazil's northeast, reveals that visitor satisfaction significantly influences their perception of the park's image and future visitation. Using 217 questionnaires, researchers found strong correlations between satisfaction levels, information sources, and motivations for visiting. While the park is highly regarded by visitors, the study also highlights vulnerabilities related to its disclosure as a tourist destination. This research contributes to understanding how cultural tourism can drive socioeconomic development while managing potential risks.
Hand Preference during Tool Use in Wild Bearded Capuchins
A right-hand preference during tool use was observed in wild bearded capuchins (Sapajus libidinosus) inhabiting the Caatinga forests of Serra da Capivara National Park, Brazil. The study recorded 118 tool-use bouts, revealing that digging tools—used to extract tubers or roots—showed a trend toward right-hand dominance, likely due to the motor demands of these tasks. This finding suggests that the harsh Caatinga habitat may drive increased laterality and right-handedness in capuchins, though larger sample sizes are needed for conclusive evidence. The research highlights tool use as a potential driver of limb preference in non-human primates, challenging assumptions about the universality of human-like lateralization patterns.
Nasal probe and toothpick tool use by a wild female bearded capuchin (Sapajus libidinosus)
Researchers document the first observation of probe tool use by a wild adult female bearded capuchin (Sapajus libidinosus) at Serra da Capivara National Park, Brazil. The individual employed stick tools and grass stems to probe her nostrils, often eliciting sneezes, and used sticks to clean her teeth or gums. These self-directed behaviors—dubbed 'nasal probe' and 'toothpick'—have not been previously reported in wild capuchins. While male capuchins at the site commonly use tools for foraging, this female's novel actions expand the known behavioral repertoire of the species. The study highlights idiosyncratic tool-use patterns in wild primates, offering new insights into cognitive and behavioral flexibility.
A Presença do Blastocerus Dichotomus nas Pinturas Rupestres do Parque Nacional Serra da Capivara e Seus Indicadores Paleoambientais
Rock art from Serra da Capivara National Park, Brazil, provides critical insights into paleoenvironmental conditions during the period of human occupation. The study identifies extinct and regionally absent species—such as Blastocerus dichotomus—depicted with remarkable detail, allowing for gender differentiation through morphological traits like antlers. By analyzing these zoomorphic representations alongside existing literature, researchers reconstruct probable environmental conditions, offering a reliable paleoambiental indicator. The approach combines art analysis, faunal identification, and ecological interpretation to bridge gaps in understanding past ecosystems.
Electron spin resonance dating of megafauna from Lagoa dos Porcos, Piaui, Brazil
A groundbreaking electron spin resonance (ESR) dating study of megafauna fossils from Lagoa dos Porcos, Piaui, Brazil, places the site's fossil assemblage within the Late Pleistocene, approximately 26 ± 4 and 22 ± 3 thousand years ago. This finding is significant as it provides a chronological context for one of the richest paleontological occurrences in the Serra da Capivara National Park. The study utilized ESR dating on teeth samples from Gomphotheriidae and Toxodontinae, employing spectra acquired with a JEOL FA-200 X-Band spectrometer to construct dose-response curves. These dates overlap with a period of abrupt increase in rainfall in northeast Brazil, suggesting a potential link between environmental changes and the formation of this deposit.
Herpetofauna of protected areas in the Caatinga II: Serra da Capivara National Park, Piauí, Brazil
A comprehensive survey of Serra da Capivara National Park, Brazil, reveals 37 herpetofaunal species, including lizards, snakes, frogs, a caecilian, and a chelonian. The study, conducted over 30 days using multiple trapping methods, suggests that local biodiversity remains underestimated, with rarefaction curves indicating potential undiscovered diversity. An atypical drought during the survey period may have affected captures, particularly of amphibians and snakes. Notably, water-dependent and forest-dependent species were found in canyons ('Boqueirões'), hinting at relictual rainforest fragments that require further study and conservation attention.
Chronology of the Rock Paintings in the Serra da Capivara National Park (Brazil)
Rock paintings in the semi-arid caatinga of Serra da Capivara National Park, Brazil, reveal one of the world's most extensive prehistoric art traditions. Radiometric dating techniques applied to 249 paintings across 105 sites demonstrate a continuous artistic tradition spanning at least 10,000 years, with some works dating back over 12,000 years—among the oldest in the Americas. This challenges previous assumptions about the chronology and cultural significance of Brazilian rock art. Researchers analyzed sediment accumulation patterns and stylistic evolution to establish a robust chronological framework, revealing layers of artistic expression from hunter-gatherer societies that thrived during the late Pleistocene and Holocene. The findings underscore the park's status as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, preserving evidence of one of humanity's earliest and most enduring creative traditions.
Cross-Dating (Th/U-14C) of Calcite Covering Prehistoric Paintings at Serra da Capivara National Park, Piaui, Brazil
New cross-dating analysis of calcite deposits covering prehistoric paintings at Serra da Capivara National Park suggests the artworks may be younger than previously thought. Using coupled accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) 14C and multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICPMS) 230Th/U dating, researchers found ages younger than 12,000 years for calcite samples from Toca da Gameleirinha. This challenges earlier estimates exceeding 35,000 years derived from thermoluminescence and electron paramagnetic resonance methods, reigniting debates on the antiquity of human settlement in South America and the chronology of rock art.
Cross-Dating (Th/U-14C) of Calcite Covering Prehistoric Paintings at Serra da Capivara National Park, Piaui, Brazil
A study using cross-dating techniques (Th/U and AMS 14C) on calcite deposits covering prehistoric paintings at Serra da Capivara National Park, Brazil, suggests that these paintings may be younger than previously proposed. The research, published in Radiocarbon, analyzed samples from three rockshelters, including Toca da Gameleirinha (Pedra Pintada), and found ages younger than 12,000 years for the calcite formations. This challenges earlier estimates that suggested much older dates (>35 kyr BP) based on thermoluminescence (TL) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) dating methods. The findings contribute to the ongoing debate about the age of rock art in the region and its implications for understanding human settlement in the Americas.
Dados da Chuva Polínica no Parque Nacional Serra da Capivara (PNSC), Piauí, Brasil
A four-year study (1998–2001) at Serra da Capivara National Park, Piauí, Brazil, revealed a striking disconnect between flowering seasons and rainfall patterns in the semi-arid region. The research analyzed pollen rain to map local flora, providing foundational data for future vegetation management. By collecting and examining pollen samples over multiple years, scientists identified temporal mismatches that could inform conservation strategies for this UNESCO World Heritage Site's unique biodiversity.
Point defects in calcite used to estimate the date of arrival of first settlers in central region of Brazil
A groundbreaking discovery in the Chapada de Diamantina region, situated between Serra da Capivara National Park and Montalvania, Piauí, Brazil, has pushed back the timeline of human habitation in central Brazil. Researchers analyzed calcite formations on rock-wall paintings using thermoluminescence and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) dating techniques, revealing an age range of 40 to 55 thousand years ago (ka). This finding indicates that humans inhabited the area significantly earlier than previously thought, predating 40 ka. The study leverages point defects in calcite crystals as a novel method for dating archaeological sites, offering a precise and non-destructive approach to understanding human settlement patterns in the region.
Revalidation of the genera Bia and Zuckertia (Euphorbiaceae) with B. capivarensis sp. nov. from Serra da Capivara, Brazil
Researchers revalidate the genera Bia and Zuckertia, previously considered sections of Tragia, based on morphological and molecular analyses. The study proposes a new circumscription for Bia and describes B. capivarensis sp. nov., a newly discovered species from Serra da Capivara National Park, Brazil. This discovery contributes to the taxonomic understanding of Euphorbiaceae and highlights the biodiversity significance of the region. The research also provides a key to distinguish between Zuckertia and Bia, along with detailed morphological data for the new species.
Stone Throwing as a Sexual Display in Wild Female Bearded Capuchin Monkeys, Sapajus libidinosus
Researchers have documented stone throwing as a novel sexual display behavior among wild female bearded capuchin monkeys (Sapajus libidinosus) in Serra da Capivara National Park, Brazil. This behavior was observed during the proceptive phase of three females over two years, with the behavior later spreading to additional females within the same social group. The study suggests this may represent a cultural diffusion of a new behavioral trait rather than independent innovations, given its absence in other capuchin groups. Observations included targeted stone throwing at males, alongside other known proceptive behaviors such as facial expressions and vocalizations. This discovery expands our understanding of capuchin communication and sexual display repertoires in the wild.
Un nouveau Toxodontidae (Mammalia, Notoungulata) du Pléistocène supérieur du Nordeste du Brésil
Researchers have identified two distinct species of Toxodontidae, a family of extinct notoungulate mammals, from Upper Pleistocene deposits in the Serra da Capivara National Park, Brazil. The study describes Piauhytherium capivarae, a new genus and species, alongside Toxodon platensis. Analysis of over 140 fossil remains, including well-preserved skulls and mandibles, reveals significant morphological differences between the two species, distinguishing them from other known Toxodontidae. The study also suggests that both species exhibited periaquatic adaptations similar to hippos, indicating a semi-aquatic lifestyle. This discovery sheds light on the biodiversity of South American mammals during the Pleistocene and their ecological niches.
Notes on Food Habits of Armadillos (Cingulata, Dasypodidae) and Anteaters (Pilosa, Myrmecophagidae) at Serra Da Capivara National Park (PiauÍ State, Brazil)
A rare study on the dietary habits of armadillos and anteaters in Brazil's Caatinga biome reveals that invertebrates, particularly termites (Isoptera) and ants/hymenopterans, form the primary food source for six species: nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus), seven-banded armadillo (D. septemcinctus), pichiciego (Euphractus sexcinctus), giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla), southern tamandua (Tamandua tetradactyla), and three-banded armadillo (Tolypeutes tricinctus). Surprisingly, seeds were also a significant component in the diets of most species, including the giant anteater and southern tamandua. Researchers analyzed fecal and stomach samples from individuals at Serra da Capivara National Park to uncover these insights, contributing critical data on the ecological roles of these mammals in the Caatinga ecosystem.
Quaternary deposits in the Serra da Capivara National Park and surrounding area, Southeastern Piauí state, Brazil
Research on Quaternary deposits in Serra da Capivara National Park, Brazil, reveals that the landscape evolution began around 436,515 years ago with clayey sediment deposition by the Piau River. The study identified colluvial and alluvial deposits indicating a semiarid climate, with fluvial channels likely exhibiting a braided pattern between 296,550 and 116,300 years ago. Depositional processes intensified during the last glacial maximum in the Northern Hemisphere, occurring between 15,800 and 10,350 years ago, marking the transition from Pleistocene to Holocene. The study used morphostratigraphical, sedimentological, and geochronological methods, including luminescence dating (thermoluminescence and optically stimulated luminescence), to interpret paleoenvironmental events.
Sistemas de Diaclases e Influência Tectônica da Borda Sudeste da Bacia Sedimentar do Parnaíba: Parque Nacional Serra da Capivara, Brasil
A study of Serra da Capivara National Park reveals that tectonic activity has significantly influenced the park's geomorphological features. The research highlights how fractures in sedimentary rocks, caused by tectonic efforts, have shaped the park's unique relief and contributed to the formation of ruiniform landscapes. These fractures, visible through satellite images, aerial photographs, and fieldwork, have led to accelerated erosion processes, creating distinctive and visually striking forms that attract both tourists and researchers. The study underscores the importance of revisiting long-held geomorphological theories in light of tectonic influences, offering new insights into the park's geological evolution.
Syphacia sp. (Nematoda: Oxyuridae) in coprolites of Kerodon rupestris Wied, 1820 (Rodentia: Caviidae) from 5,300 years BP in northeastern Brazil
Researchers have uncovered the first ancient record of Syphacia sp., a parasitic nematode, in rodent coprolites from northeastern Brazil. Analyzing 5,300-year-old fecal remains of Kerodon rupestris—a rock-dwelling caviid—excavated at Toca dos Coqueiros within Serra da Capivara National Park, the team identified eggs belonging to this oxyurid genus. This discovery marks a significant paleoparasitological finding in the Americas, shedding light on historical parasite-host dynamics and ancient ecosystems in Brazil's semiarid regions.
World Heritage in poverty alleviation: Serra da Capivara National Park, Brazil
Serra da Capivara National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in northeast Brazil, represents a significant archaeological and geological treasure. The park's semi-arid landscape, characterized by cliffs up to 270 meters high and extensive canyons, preserves a rich heritage of rock paintings and engravings within its sandstone walls. This unique physiographical meeting point between plateaus and an ancient plain also serves as a crucial watershed for the region's river systems. The study highlights the park's dual role in both cultural preservation and poverty alleviation, emphasizing its importance as a bridge between contrasting geological zones and its potential to contribute to sustainable development in the surrounding Piauí and Bom Jesus do Gurgeia regions.
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