Publications
Reproductive isolation in two strains of the marine rotifer Brachionus cf. ibericus (Rotifera, Monogononta) from Quintana Roo, México
Researchers have identified reproductive isolation between two distinct strains of the marine rotifer Brachionus cf. ibericus in Quintana Roo, Mexico, marking a significant discovery within the Yucatán Peninsula's biodiversity. The study, conducted by Marin-Chan et al., isolated and cultured 23 clones from the northwest (Cancún) and southeast (Sian Ka'an) regions, revealing differences in female production, male development, and resting egg hatching rates. Cross-mating experiments confirmed reproductive barriers between the strains, leading to the proposal of two distinct populations: Brachionus cf. ibericus 'Cancún' strain and 'Sian Ka'an' strain. This finding contributes to understanding the evolutionary dynamics of this ecologically and economically important species complex.
Evaluating Tour Boat Compliance With Dolphin‐Watching Guidelines in the Sian Ka'an Biosphere Reserve
A striking 98% of dolphin-watching tour boats in Sian Ka'an Biosphere Reserve violated local guidelines, with proximity to dolphins being the most common infraction. The study, using boat observations and drone footage, also found that 95% of dolphin directional changes occurred away from boat trajectories, while 55% showed increased swimming speeds during interactions. These findings highlight the urgent need for stricter monitoring and enforcement of dolphin-watching guidelines to protect local bottlenose dolphin populations and ensure sustainable tourism practices.
Multi‐Scale Habitat Selection of Greater Caribbean Manatees in Sian Ka'an Biosphere Reserve, Mexico
Greater Caribbean manatees (Trichechus manatus manatus) in Sian Ka'an Biosphere Reserve, Mexico, are more likely to inhabit areas near seafloor depressions and closer to land, with habitat preferences varying significantly across spatial scales. This study is the first to model manatee habitat selection at multiple scales—study area and 1-km buffer—using GPS data from 102 opportunistic encounters and a pseudo-absence approach. It found that proximity to seafloor depressions increased manatee presence at both scales, while land proximity was a significant factor only at the larger scale. The research underscores the ecological importance of seafloor features for manatees and highlights the necessity of multi-scale approaches in habitat selection studies.
Community engagement and human perception in crocodile conservation: preliminary steps in Sian Ka’an Biosphere Reserve
A study on community engagement and human perception in crocodile conservation within Sian Ka'an Biosphere Reserve, Mexico, reveals that most local respondents (69%) dedicate 2–10 minutes to crocodile observation during wildlife tourism activities. The majority (97%) approach crocodiles at a safe distance of 5–10 meters without feeding them, while only 3% engage in potentially harmful practices like feeding. Despite this, 89% of respondents believe current observation practices are adequate, though workshops on crocodile biology and conservation were positively received, indicating a need for educational reinforcement. The research suggests that developing a communication program to educate both new and established tourism service providers could enhance conservation efforts and mitigate potential negative impacts on crocodile behavior.
The Yucatán mouse opossum (Tlacuatzin gaumeri) in Quintana Roo, México
Research confirms the presence of the Yucatán mouse opossum (Tlacuatzin gaumeri) in Quintana Roo, Mexico, extending its known geographic distribution by 139 km eastward from the Yucatán Peninsula. This discovery, derived from curatorial records and citizen science observations, marks the first documentation of this marsupial in Quintana Roo, reinforcing its endemicity to the region. The study utilized scientific literature, museum collections, GBIF data, and iNaturalistMX records, with spatial analysis conducted using QGIS 3.36.2. While the species' presence aligns with one protected area, its conservation status remains undetermined, yet this finding enriches the faunal inventory of the Yucatán Peninsula.
Tipologías de la gobernanza territorial en la pesca de langosta espinosa en las reservas de la biósfera de Sian Ka'an y Banco Chinchorro, Quintana Roo, México
A new framework categorizes governance dynamics of spiny lobster fisheries into three distinct typologies, revealing how trust and social networks shape conservation outcomes in Sian Ka'an and Banco Chinchorro biosphere reserves. The study identifies participatory governance—marked by equitable decision-making and strong institutions—as critical for sustainable resource management. In contrast, exclusionary and conflict-driven models lack cooperation, leading to weak conservation practices. A third typology highlights transitional phases where communities rebuild social cohesion toward responsible fishing cultures. This approach clarifies the diverse institutional pathways influencing local development trajectories in these UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
Evaluación remota de la recuperación de la vegetación afectada por incendios forestales
A study on the Sian Ka'an Biosphere Reserve revealed that while vegetation appears to recover after forest fires, the spectral signature indicates a shift toward different species. Researchers used satellite technology, including normalized indices like dNBR, NDVI, NBR, NBRT, and BAI, to assess fire severity and ecosystem recovery dynamics post-2019 wildfire. The analysis of reflectance changes showed vegetation restoration over time but highlighted that the recovered ecosystems differ in species composition from pre-fire conditions. This insight aids in defining priority areas for targeted restoration strategies, offering a spectral-based approach to understanding fire impacts on UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
Extra‐pair paternity correlates with genetic diversity, but not breeding density, in a Neotropical passerine, the black catbird
Extra-pair paternity (EPP) in socially monogamous birds is influenced more by genetic diversity than breeding density, according to a study of the black catbird (Melanoptila glabrirostris) in Sian Ka'an Biosphere Reserve and Isla Cozumel. While EPP rates were moderate (9.5–35% of offspring), no correlation was found between breeding density—despite higher mainland densities—and EPP frequency. However, extra-pair offspring exhibited greater heterozygosity than within-pair offspring, suggesting genetic diversity plays a role in mating behavior. The study used single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to analyze parentage across two breeding seasons, challenging the notion that tropical songbirds universally exhibit low EPP rates.
Flooding of a carbonate platform: The Sian Kaʼan Wetlands, Yucatán, Mexico—A model for the formation and evolution of palustrine carbonate factories around the modern Caribbean Sea and in the depositional record
The Sian Ka'an Wetlands in Mexico's Yucatán Peninsula serve as a model for understanding the dynamic interactions between marine and freshwater carbonate depositional environments. This study reveals that rising sea levels during the Late Holocene transgression have caused the progressive reflooding of the Yucatán Platform, leading to the backstepping of the MesoAmerican Reef and the encroachment of coastal environments into the platform interior. The wetlands form a vast palustrine carbonate factory, directly linked with marine carbonate factories seaward, demonstrating sensitivity to subtle changes in water depth, climate, vegetation, hydrology, and tectonic activity. Modern analogues include the Florida Everglades and relict marsh environments in the Bahamas, while ancient examples reflect similar processes during marine transgression or basin fill onlap. The study suggests that freshwater palustrine carbonate factories are transient deposystems with potentially low preservation in coastal settings but greater potential inland or in subsident basins.
Jaguar (Panthera onca) spatial ecology outside protected areas in the Selva Maya
A jaguar population persists outside protected areas in the Selva Maya, Mexico, despite human presence. Research using satellite telemetry revealed that four male jaguars maintained home ranges of 101.5 km² (±75.9) in the dry season and 172 km² (±107.3) in the rainy season, with core areas of 17.54 km² (±16.2) and 29.07 km² (±16.2), respectively. No significant seasonal differences were found for home ranges or core areas. Jaguars preferred forest or young secondary growth over disturbed areas, indicating resilience in unprotected landscapes. The study highlights the importance of landscape-level conservation to protect remaining tropical mature forests and promote long-term secondary growth, ensuring jaguar survival amid tourism-driven threats.
Management effectiveness in marine protected areas for conservation of Antillean manatees on the eastern coast of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico
Chetumal Bay Manatee Sanctuary demonstrates the highest management effectiveness (71%) for conserving Antillean manatees among three marine protected areas (MPAs) on Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula, outperforming Sian Ka'an Biosphere Reserve (53%) and Yum-Balam Flora and Fauna Reserve (43%). This evaluation, based on 199 interviews across seven communities, assessed traditional knowledge, conservation actions, stakeholder engagement, and socio-economic impacts. While MPAs varied in governance and context, standardized criteria revealed that economic activities like fishing and tourism significantly influence management effectiveness. The study highlights Chetumal Bay's strong performance as a model for manatee conservation in similar regions.
Cover Caption
A striking cover image from Conservation Biology showcases the juvenile French angelfish (Pomacanthus paru) within the Sian Ka'an Biosphere Reserve, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Mexico. The photograph, captured by renowned conservation photographer Keith Ellenbogen, underscores the region's ecological significance while advocating for its preservation. Ellenbogen's work, supported by partnerships with the Society for Conservation Biology and the International League of Conservation Photographers (iLCP), merges art and science to communicate critical conservation messages. His approach combines underwater photography with a focus on environmental storytelling, aiming to foster global awareness and action for biodiversity protection. The image serves as both a visual representation of Sian Ka'an's marine diversity and a call to address the challenges threatening its ecosystems.
Functional reef fish groups of the Mexican Caribbean: implications of habitat complexity
Habitat complexity significantly influences the richness and functional diversity of reef fish communities in the Mexican Caribbean, with slopes exhibiting the highest fish richness across all studied localities. The study analyzed 160 species from 11 reef sites along the Yucatán Peninsula, classifying them into 28 functional groups based on diet and morphology. While protection status within Sian Ka'an did not correlate with response variables, the findings highlight the importance of habitat complexity in maintaining ecosystem connectivity and biodiversity. This research contributes to understanding the ecological dynamics shaping marine biodiversity hotspots under increasing threat.
Acciones, Logros Y Retos Del Destino De Bajo Impacto Ambiental En Quintana Roo, México: Maya Ka’an
A sustainable tourism model, Maya Ka'an Destination, has emerged as a promising alternative to diversify activities in Quintana Roo, Mexico, while minimizing environmental impact. This initiative leverages the natural attractions of Sian Ka'an Biosphere Reserve and surrounding areas, aiming to integrate Mayan indigenous communities into the local tourism value chain. The project, driven by a collective vision from various sectors, balances conservation efforts with economic benefits for local economies. It seeks to maintain the competitiveness of the Mexican Caribbean while promoting low-impact environmental practices. The study highlights the potential of such models in fostering sustainable development and economic growth without compromising ecological integrity.
The role of environmental filtering in the functional structure of fish communities in tropical wetlands
Environmental filtering plays a significant role in structuring fish communities in tropical wetlands, particularly under severe conditions. A study conducted in Sian Ka'an Biosphere Reserve (SKBR), Mexico, revealed that as the dry season progresses, environmental filters increasingly dominate community structure, leading to a dominance of three key species by the end of the season. Researchers analyzed fish communities using a functional dispersion index weighted by relative abundance against null models across five permanent pools during three stages of the dry season. They found significant reductions in functional dispersion for locomotion but not for food acquisition, with overall functional variation becoming more distinct from random models as the season advanced. This suggests that environmental conditions, such as depth and temperature gradients, act as strong filters shaping community composition under harsh environmental pressures.
Fish functional groups in a tropical wetland of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico
Research at Sian Ka'an Biosphere Reserve reveals distinct functional group structures in fish communities, varying between permanent and temporary pools as well as dry and wet seasons. Six functional groups were identified based on food acquisition and locomotion traits, with two showing high redundancy and three represented by unique species. During the dry season, permanent pools exhibited lower functional richness and diversity but higher evenness, suggesting environmental filtering. Conversely, the wet season demonstrated niche complementarity across habitats, indicating dynamic shifts in ecological functioning driven by seasonal changes.
Negotiated Living: An Ethno-Historical Perspective of Punta Allen
Punta Allen, located within the Sian Ka'an Biosphere Reserve and under the jurisdiction of Tulum Municipality, holds unique agency in shaping regional tourism development. Unlike other communities, Punta Allen's lobster fishing and tourism cooperatives engage in meaningful negotiations with both the reserve and municipality, enabling them to influence their village's future. This 'negotiated living' approach demonstrates how local governance structures can balance ecological conservation with sustainable economic growth, offering a model for other UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
A trip to Riviera Maya, Tulum, Sankan Researve Forest, Quinta Roo and Chichenitza, Yucanta: Regions of Mega Biodiversity and Antique Maya culture
A recent expedition to the Riviera Maya, Tulum, Sian Ka'an Biosphere Reserve, and Chichen Itza in southern Mexico highlighted the region's remarkable biodiversity and its deep connection to ancient Maya culture. The study, conducted from June 26 to July 6, 2014, documented a rich tapestry of tropical rainforest flora and fauna, showcasing the area's ecological significance while reflecting the enduring legacy of the Maya civilization. The research approach involved a detailed observational journey through diverse ecosystems, including tropical forests, using a tourist van for mobility. This expedition underscored the importance of preserving such regions, which are not only biodiversity hotspots but also cultural treasures of global importance.
An unfished area enhances a spiny lobster, P anulirus argus, fishery: implications for management and conservation within a B iosphere R eserve in the M exican C aribbean
Research demonstrates that an unfished offshore area within the Sian Ka'an Biosphere Reserve significantly contributes to the sustainability of the Caribbean spiny lobster (Panulirus argus) fishery. The study, which tagged 379 lobsters and used a multistate mark-recapture model, found that 15-20% of adult lobsters from this protected zone migrate into fishing grounds, thereby enhancing inshore yields without compromising the overall stock. This finding underscores the effectiveness of designated no-fishing zones in supporting both conservation goals and fisheries productivity, offering critical insights for managing this key economic resource in Mexico's Caribbean region.
Beyond Nature Appropriation: Towards Post-development Conservation in the Maya Forest
A study of two forest wildlife management projects in a Maya community within the Sian Ka'an Biosphere Reserve, Mexico, revealed that such initiatives often fail due to misaligned objectives between state agencies, conservation NGOs, and local communities. The research highlights how unequal ethnic relations rooted in colonial inequality shape indigenous participation in conservation efforts, undermining democratic and participatory practices. The expulsion of an NGO from the community suggests potential for post-development conservation models that challenge Western norms. This case underscores the need for greater institutional accountability and community autonomy to foster effective and equitable conservation strategies.
Carbon Stocks of Tropical Coastal Wetlands within the Karstic Landscape of the Mexican Caribbean
Coastal wetlands within the Sian Ka'an Biosphere Reserve (SKBR) in Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula store significant amounts of carbon, with tall mangroves holding the highest stocks at 987±338 Mg ha⁻¹. Soil carbon constitutes 78-99% of these stocks, indicating its critical role in ecosystem carbon storage. The study found that lower salinity and higher phosphorus levels in soils correlate with greater carbon sequestration potential, suggesting phosphorus limitation. Across the 172,176-ha reserve, coastal wetlands may store between 43.2 to 58.0 million Mg of carbon, underscoring their importance as a climate mitigation strategy. Researchers quantified ecosystem carbon stocks by measuring above and belowground biomass, downed wood, soil carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and interstitial salinity at nine sites within SKBR.
Assessing habitat availability and connectivity for the Jaguar «Panthera onca», in the Yucatan peninsula, Mexico
A new study identifies critical corridors for jaguar conservation in the Yucatan peninsula, Mexico, highlighting that suitable habitats are scarce and primarily located outside protected areas. Using advanced habitat modeling, researchers mapped potential corridors linking four key jaguar population nodes, with the highest-quality route connecting Calakmul to Sian Ka'an along the eastern Caribbean coast. The study also reveals that female jaguars have more contiguous suitable habitats compared to males or a comprehensive model, suggesting sex-specific differences in habitat requirements. These findings underscore the importance of sustainable forest management in productive lands for jaguar conservation, offering actionable insights for minimizing human-wildlife conflicts and guiding future survey efforts.
Estimates of exploitation rates of the spiny lobster fishery forPanulirus argusfrom tagging within the Bahía Espíritu Santo ‘Sian Ka'an’ Biosphere Reserve, Mexican Caribbean
A study of the Caribbean spiny lobster (Panulirus argus) fishery within Sian Ka'an Biosphere Reserve, Mexico, reveals high exploitation rates exceeding 0.94, driven by intensive fishing in shallow waters (≤20 m) due to gear restrictions. The research used a modified Brownie model to analyze tag recovery data from the 2010/2011 season, accounting for tag retention and reporting biases. Independent aquaria trials and fisher interviews refined estimates of mortality and catchability. Findings suggest that the 'casita/campo' system, which relies on fast-growing juveniles, sustains stable landings by enabling seasonal replenishment, despite high exploitation pressures.
Living Heritage and Safeguarding Outstanding Universal Value
A significant shift in the UNESCO World Heritage Convention occurred with the adoption of the Nara Document on Authenticity (1994), which emphasized the inclusion of local community knowledge in heritage management. This approach, further solidified by the 2007 introduction of 'Communities' as one of the strategic objectives, has led to more inclusive and effective conservation practices. The case study of Sian Ka'an in Mexico highlights how participatory methodologies and project-based learning can safeguard outstanding universal value while respecting traditional Maya knowledge systems. This collaborative approach not only conserves biodiversity but also stems the decline of indigenous practices, demonstrating the potential for sustainable development that benefits both heritage sites and disadvantaged communities.
Participatory methodologies and indigenous communities – project-based learning: Sian Ka'an, Mexico
Sian Ka'an, recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and Biosphere Reserve since 1987, stands out for its exceptional biodiversity, unique geological features, and critical role in ecological connectivity. This study highlights the reserve's significance as the largest protected area in Mexico's Caribbean, encompassing diverse marine and terrestrial environments that support 52 species of reef fishes, over 300,000 hectares of aquatic habitats, and a vast array of bird species, including the second-largest community of aquatic birds in Mexico. Additionally, it serves as a key part of the Meso-American Biological Corridor, contributing to regional ecological connectivity. The research employs participatory methodologies and project-based learning involving indigenous communities, aiming to integrate local knowledge with conservation efforts. This approach underscores the importance of collaboration between scientific research and traditional practices in preserving Sian Ka'an's rich biodiversity.
Large vertebrate responses to forest cover and hunting pressure in communal landholdings and protected areas of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico
A study on the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico, reveals that large vertebrate populations, particularly game species, are significantly impacted by hunting pressure, while old-growth specialists respond more to forest cover than hunting. Using line-transect surveys across eight sites—including Sian Ka'an Biosphere Reserve and communal landholdings—the research found that species richness increased with landscape forest cover but was unaffected by hunting pressure for non-game species. Notably, Sian Ka'an's old-growth forests supported high encounter rates (ER) for most species, whereas open habitats showed lower ERs. The study underscores the need for integrated management across private, communal, and public reserves to protect biodiversity in this critical region.
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