Historical Centre of the City of Arequipa

Walkability index for world heritage cities in developing countries

A novel Walkability Index framework, applicable to UNESCO World Heritage Cities in developing countries, demonstrates significant potential for enhancing urban planning and sustainability. This approach integrates connectivity, proximity, land use mix, and retail density—factors initially identified in historical contexts but proven universally adaptable. The study employs a Multiple Criteria Spatial Decision Support System (GIS-MCDA) structured in four stages, offering a practical solution for governments and decision-makers facing data limitations. Applied to the Historical Centre of Arequipa, Peru, this method effectively balances objective and subjective elements, providing actionable insights for sustainable mobility infrastructure development and supporting UNESCO World Heritage nominations.