The Role of Birds in the Settlement of Shahr‐i Sokhta (Sistan, Iran) During the 3rd Millennium BC

Archaeological excavations at Shahr-i Sokhta, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Iran, reveal that birds played a significant role in the settlement during the 3rd millennium BC. Analysis of 2875 bird remains from 43 species indicates that aquatic birds like the Eurasian coot dominated, while arid-adapted species such as the cinereous vulture and sandgrouse suggest diverse local habitats. Most species were likely hunted for meat, with evidence of eggshell collection, though taphonomic analysis shows Gruiformes and Anseriformes were primarily consumed. The presence of anthropic marks on large bird ulnae hints at bone utilization for non-food purposes. This study provides insight into the environmental conditions and subsistence practices of ancient Shahr-i Sokhta.

Gala, M., & Tagliacozzo, A. (2014). The Role of Birds in the Settlement of Shahr‐i Sokhta (Sistan, Iran) During the 3rd Millennium BC. International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, 24(3), 319–330. Portico. https://doi.org/10.1002/oa.2389