Towards an Operational Framework of Crowd Evacuation Simulation in Historic Bazaars in Fire Disasters

Historic bazaars, such as Tabriz's, face significant fire disaster risks due to their complex physical and social structures that often deviate from modern safety standards. This study proposes an operational framework for crowd evacuation simulation in these settings, emphasizing the need to account for both human behavioral patterns and environmental constraints like bottlenecks and obstacles before simulating fire and smoke spread. The research, based on field studies of Tabriz and Istanbul bazaars alongside library reviews, identifies critical factors including physical environment interactions and human-psychological dynamics that must be integrated into evacuation planning simulations. This framework aims to optimize emergency strategies by addressing practical simulation requirements, ultimately enhancing safety in these culturally significant yet vulnerable spaces.

Arzhangi, S. (2019). Towards an Operational Framework of Crowd Evacuation Simulation in Historic Bazaars in Fire Disasters. Sofeh Journal, 29(3), 101–119. https://doi.org/10.29252/soffeh.29.3.101