The diversity of sharks fossils in Plio-Pleistocene of Java, Indonesia

Research at the Sangiran Early Man Site reveals that 11 genera of sharks inhabited the Java Sea during the Plio-Pleistocene epoch (2.8 to 1.8 million years ago). This ancient marine environment, characterized by lagoons and coastal swamps, preserved diverse shark teeth fossils with distinct morphological shapes. The study employed morphological comparison and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to identify these genera using modern shark teeth collections from the Research Centre for Oceanography - LIPI in Jakarta. By comparing fossilized teeth from Sangiran Museum, BPSMPS Karanganyar, and UGM Yogyakarta with contemporary specimens, researchers reconstructed shark diversity during this transitional period.

Yudha, D. S., Ramadhani, R., Suriyanto, R. A., & Novian, M. I. (2018). The diversity of sharks fossils in Plio-Pleistocene of Java, Indonesia. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2002, 20013. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5050109