Development Model of Japanese National Parks: A Stakeholder Approach with Shiretoko and Fuji Hakone Izu Examples

A governance framework for Japan's national parks, rooted in stakeholder theory, offers a balanced approach to sustainable development. This model, developed through case studies of Shiretoko and Fuji Hakone Izu National Parks, identifies key stakeholders—power, economic, regulatory, and social—and delineates their roles and influence. It emphasizes stakeholder participation to ensure multifunctionality, harmonizing economic goals with environmental conservation. This framework not only provides a theoretical foundation for managing Japan's protected areas but also serves as a global reference for governance in UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

(Ed.). (2024). Development Model of Japanese National Parks: A Stakeholder Approach with Shiretoko and Fuji Hakone Izu Examples. Environment, Resource and Ecology Journal, 8(2). https://doi.org/10.23977/erej.2024.080214