The Cosmology of Sumer and Babylon

Babylonian scholars made foundational contributions to geometry and astronomy that influenced later civilizations, including ancient Greece. The study reveals that the systematic geometry later attributed to Euclid originated in Babylon by the second millennium BCE, with its intellectual impact spreading westward. Additionally, Mesopotamian cosmological influences are evident in early biblical texts like Genesis. During the Persian Empire period, Babylonian advancements in astronomy were initially emulated but eventually surpassed by Greek scholars around the first centuries AD. This research highlights Mesopotamia's pivotal role as a hub of scientific and technological innovation during antiquity.

Lambert, W. G. (2024). The Cosmology of Sumer and Babylon. Ancient Cosmologies, 42–65. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003483274-3