Political Ecology of Transhumance Pastoralism in the Central Himalaya-Conservation, Livelihoods and Institutional Transformation: Thematic Report

Conservation policies in the Himalayas, particularly those restricting transhumant pastoral communities' access to alpine pastures, have inadvertently undermined traditional rights and livelihoods without sufficient scientific evidence of ecological harm. Traditional grazing practices, long believed to sustain biodiversity and healthy grasslands, are increasingly constrained by protected areas like Nanda Devi National Park and Valley of Flowers National Park. This study highlights the need for a balanced approach that integrates local knowledge, cultural values, and community participation into conservation strategies. By examining the political ecology of transhumance pastoralism—focusing on the Bhotiya and Van Gujjars communities—the research underscores how strict regulations have fragmented traditional grazing systems, leading to social and economic uncertainty. The findings advocate for inclusive decision-making processes that respect local institutions while protecting fragile mountain ecosystems.

R.K. Maikhuri, Girish Bhatt, Harendra Rawat, Suresh Bhatt, Rama Maikhuri, Kiran Dangawal, Chandan Negi, & Ajay Maletha. (2026). Political Ecology of Transhumance Pastoralism in the Central Himalaya-Conservation, Livelihoods and Institutional Transformation: Thematic Report. Annals of Arid Zone, 65(2), 243–253. https://doi.org/10.56093/aaz.v65i2.176994