The Inherent Sustainability of Traditional Architecture in the Citadel of Erbil: With Reference to Residential Buildings in Erbil City

Traditional architecture in the Citadel of Erbil demonstrates inherent sustainability that can inform modern residential design. The study developed tailored Sustainability Assessment Methods (SEAM and SSAM) to evaluate environmental and social performance, comparing three traditional and three contemporary houses in Erbil. Findings suggest that traditional designs—rooted in local climate adaptation and cultural values—offer sustainable alternatives for contemporary urban planning. The research highlights the potential of integrating traditional architectural principles into modern residential buildings to enhance sustainability, providing actionable guidelines for policymakers and designers.

Roza Saber Maarof. (2025). THE INHERENT SUSTAINABILITY OF TRADITIONAL ARCHITECTURE IN THE CITADEL OF ERBIL: WITH REFERENCE TO RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS IN ERBIL CITY. International Journal of Applied Mathematics, 38(10s), 220–265. https://doi.org/10.12732/ijam.v38i10s.933