After al-Manṣūr

A significant shift in Castilian art and governance emerged after the death of Muslim general al-Manṣūr in 1002, marking a period of relative isolation from Europe due to sustained conflict within the Iberian Peninsula. This study reveals how Count Fernán González's hereditary rule and autonomous yet subservient position to León laid the foundation for Castile's distinct identity. The research focuses on art produced between c. 970–1030, analyzing surviving sites in Burgos—such as Cardeña, Covarrubias, and San Millán de la Cogolla—and comparing them with neighboring regions like Soria and the Kingdom of León. Sculptural fragments provide evidence of additional structures, offering insights into Castile's unique artistic and political development during this transformative era.

del Álamo, E. V. (2025). After al-Manṣūr. Romanesque and the Year 1000, 105–120. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003571476-8