Stakeholder solutions to human-wildlife conflicts: Co-created adaptive impact management for wild red deer, Cervus elaphus, in the English Lake District

A novel adaptive impact management framework for red deer (Cervus elaphus) in the English Lake District has been successfully co-created through stakeholder engagement, offering a model for resolving long-standing human-wildlife conflicts. The study employed a facilitated workshop as the culmination of a modified Delphi process to bring together key interested parties, achieving consensus on landscape management vision, objectives, monitoring actions, and deer population control methods. This collaborative approach not only addresses the ecological and economic impacts of red deer but also serves as a template for policy development in multi-user landscapes, demonstrating the potential for participatory methods to mitigate human-wildlife conflicts effectively.

Logan, T. W., Ward, A. I., & Hopkins, C. R. (2025). Stakeholder solutions to human-wildlife conflicts: Co-created adaptive impact management for wild red deer, Cervus elaphus, in the English Lake District. Biological Conservation, 310, 111380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111380