Brass in the Sasanian frontiers: Assessing metallurgical innovation through archaeological finds at Merv and Nineveh

Scientific analysis reveals the Sasanian Empire's sophisticated use of brass, challenging long-held assumptions about its limited adoption before the Islamic period. Through archaeological finds from Merv (Turkmenistan) and Nineveh (Iraq), researchers identified high-quality brass alloys employed in both decorative and military applications, alongside traditional bronze. Advanced techniques like XRF, SEM-EDS, and radiography distinguished early cast forms—likely chosen for their visual appeal—and sheet forms, which capitalized on brass's material advantages. The study suggests a strategic shift toward brass in Sasanian military metalworking, offering new insights into technological innovation during this pivotal era.

Davis, M. E., Mongiatti, A., Simpson, S. J., & Martinón-Torres, M. (2026). Brass in the Sasanian frontiers: Assessing metallurgical innovation through archaeological finds at Merv and Nineveh. Archaeological Research in Asia, 46, 100688. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ara.2026.100688