Publications
Effects on Soil Organic Carbon Stock in the Context of Urban Expansion in the Andes: Quito City Case
Urban expansion significantly reduces soil organic carbon storage capacity by 66% when montane forests are replaced by Eucalyptus globulus plantations, highlighting the vulnerability of high-altitude ecosystems to urbanization. The study analyzed soil attributes—organic matter, density, texture, nitrogen, phosphorus, and pH—in a transitional forest fragment in Quito's Western Cordillera, comparing it with eucalyptus plantations and grasslands as intermediate land covers. Researchers identified 253 individuals across 18 species in the montane forest, noting significant variations in soil attributes linked to organic matter. The findings underscore the critical role of natural cover in maintaining ecosystem stability and carbon storage, advocating for urban planning strategies that prioritize conservation and restoration of peri-urban areas to mitigate climate change impacts.
Insecurity as An Influential Factor In The Tourism Development of the Historical Center of Quito
A significant perception of insecurity among tourists, driven by factors such as informal commerce, homelessness, micro-trafficking, and poor urban conditions, is hindering tourism development in Quito's Historic Center. This study identifies these social problems—unprecedented in Ecuador's capital—as critical barriers to progress. Using a mixed-methods approach, the research combined qualitative bibliographic analysis with quantitative surveys of tourists to systematically map these issues. The findings underscore the need for targeted strategies to address insecurity, offering actionable insights for urban planning and tourism management in UNESCO-listed sites facing similar challenges.
The Role of Gastronomy as a Cultural and Touristic Identity in Quito’s Historic Center
Quito's historic center, renowned for its exceptional preservation and cultural significance, leverages gastronomy as a pivotal element of its identity, attracting both domestic and international tourists. This study reveals that the city's culinary heritage, rooted in ancestral knowledge and diverse local products, plays a crucial role in shaping its tourist appeal. Through a bibliographic review, the research identifies key characteristics of Quito's gastronomic tourism, highlighting its integration with cultural, historical, and sensory elements. The findings underscore the need for diversification in both the tourist market and gastronomic offerings to further solidify Quito's position as a cultural reference point within Ecuador.
Women’s Right to the City: The Case of Quito, Ecuador
A significant gender gap persists in Quito's urban design, with 81% of women experiencing sexual or offensive remarks and 69.8% encountering obscene gestures within a month, highlighting routine harassment that shapes their mobility and behavior. This study reveals how poorly lit corridors and weak institutional presence amplify violence against women, despite the city's 'Safe City' program. The research combines constitutional analysis, survey data (n=736), in-depth interviews, and participatory observation to demonstrate that Quito’s public spaces fail to uphold women’s right to safety and participation. The findings underscore the need for gender-sensitive urban planning, intersectoral resources, and substantive female involvement in policy-making to transform legal principles into lived realities.
Calculation of carbon sequestered through remote sensing in a metropolitan park in the city of Quito, Ecuador
Researchers have quantified the carbon sequestration potential of eucalyptus trees in Quito, Ecuador's Guangüiltagua Metropolitan Park, estimating that these trees store approximately 42,150 tons of CO₂. This finding was derived using a multi-phase approach combining remote sensing and field measurements. The study employed the Normalized Differential Vegetation Index (NDVI) from Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2 satellite imagery to assess vegetation health and biomass over time. Field data, including diameter at breast height (DBH) and tree height, were collected across 50 quadrants to validate and refine these estimates. Linear regression models then extrapolated the CO₂ storage per quadrant to the entire park area. This work provides critical data for urban carbon inventory initiatives, offering a scalable method for assessing carbon sequestration in metropolitan green spaces.
Central parks as air quality oases in the tropical Andean city of Quito
Central parks in Quito, Ecuador, serve as temporary air quality oases amid high levels of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), but their protective effect is limited to the park's interior. Research found hazardous PM2.5 concentrations on the edges of parks along busy avenues—frequented by pedestrians—highlighting short- and long-term health risks from traffic pollution in urban recreational spaces, particularly in cities of the global south. The study used the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to model PM2.5 spatial distribution, successfully predicting concentrations in a smaller park, suggesting potential for broader urban applications. While promising, further validation is needed to ensure its effectiveness across diverse cityscapes.
Ethnobotany resources from Metropolitan Parks of Quito city
A study of Quito's metropolitan parks identified 92 ethnobotanically valuable plant species, with 68% being native Andean and 3.3% endemic. These plants hold significant medicinal, nutritional, ritual, and cosmetic uses, often tied to magical-religious practices. The research, conducted between March and July 2017, involved collecting and cataloging species in five parks under the guidance of traditional knowledge holders and complemented by a review of scientific literature. The findings highlight that urban areas can still preserve biodiversity, serving as small refuges that support health and well-being. This study underscores the importance of integrating ancestral knowledge with modern research to conserve and utilize these natural resources.
Impact of City-Wide Diesel Generator Use on Air Quality in Quito, Ecuador, during a Nationwide Electricity Crisis
Extended blackouts during Ecuador's hydroelectric crisis of 2023/2024 led to significant spikes in urban air pollutants in Quito, with SO2 levels rising by 180%, CO by 43%, NO2 by 39%, and PM2.5 by 20% compared to normal conditions. Conversely, ozone pollution decreased by 6%. The study, which analyzed data from the crisis period against a pre-crisis reference and a year with similar weather, highlights potential respiratory and cardiovascular health risks for Quito's population. It underscores the urgent need for sustainable energy infrastructure and cleaner backup power solutions in developing countries to mitigate the impacts of climate-induced electricity crises.
The Role of AI-Based Destination Chatbots in Satisfaction, Continued Usage Intention, and Visit Intention: A Study from Quito, Ecuador
A study on Quito, Ecuadorreveals that AI-based destination chatbots significantly enhance user satisfaction and drive both continued usage and visit intentions. The research, grounded in the Expectation-Confirmation Model (ECM), Information System Success Model (ISSM), and Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), found that information quality, perceived enjoyment, and usefulness are key factors influencing satisfaction. Satisfaction, in turn, strongly predicts sustained chatbot engagement and willingness to visit Quito. The study used convenience sampling with 284 participants who interacted with the QuitoGuide chatbot before completing a questionnaire, analyzed via Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). This highlights the potential of AI-driven tools in promoting tourism at heritage sites.
Caracterización de los morteros de revestimiento del Quito colonial en los siglos XVI, XVII Y XVIII
Research on the mortars used in Quito's colonial churches reveals distinct construction techniques and material preferences based on religious order. The study analyzed 48 mortar samples from the Company of Jesus, Santo Domingo, and San Francisco churches, finding that the Jesuits primarily used lime and gypsum mixtures, while the Dominicans and Franciscans favored volcanic aggregate-based mortars. These findings validate historical datations and suggest a fusion of European and local construction techniques. The research employed non-destructive testing methods, including X-ray diffraction and microscopy, to systematically analyze samples without damaging the structures. This study contributes to understanding the chronological development of Quito's churches and proposes guidelines for future restoration efforts, ensuring compatibility with historical materials.
Earthquake Scenarios for Quito, Ecuador; Cali, Colombia; and Santiago De Los Caballeros, Dominican Republic
Historic city centers of Quito, Ecuador; Cali, Colombia; and Santiago de Los Caballeros, Dominican Republic, are particularly vulnerable to severe earthquake damage, with moderate nearby quakes posing significant economic and social disruption risks. The study developed earthquake scenarios using seismic data, exposure models from the Global Earthquake Model foundation, and local hazard information to assess potential consequences for emergency planning. Findings highlight that while distant subduction earthquakes may be less frequent, nearby faults like Quito's fault system or Santiago's Septentrional fault zone could cause more immediate and widespread impact. The research also underscores gaps in understanding built environment vulnerability, which are critical for improving post-earthquake response strategies.
El Panecillo de Quito, de monte-artificio a artefacto urbano
This study reveals that the graphic representation of El Panecillo, a hill adjacent to Quito's historic center, in pre-standardized cartography not only reflected but actively shaped its perceived artificiality and collective imagination. By analyzing historical data and classifying manufactured objects related to Panecillo—such as temples, tunnels, and monuments—under the categories of 'artifice' and 'artifact,' the research demonstrates how artistic freedom in mapping introduced institutional or artist perspectives, configuring a shared image of the hill. The study concludes that Panecillo's apparent artificiality stems from its interpretation either as a divine creation or a product of human rationality, both reflecting societal desires. This insight explains why Panecillo became a synthetic expression of Quito and a regional urban landscape typology.
Social Networks, Masculinity and Emotional Intelligence in Men in the City of Quito
A significant correlation was found between the use of social networks and enhanced emotional intelligence, specifically in recognizing and understanding emotions, among men in Quito. The study, which analyzed 306 participants using quantitative methods, revealed that while 41.2% exhibited medium to high levels of hegemonic masculinity, all participants engaged with platforms like Facebook, Instagram, and WhatsApp. Notably, attention to emotional factors was strong, but excellence in expressing emotions remained low. This suggests social networks may serve as de-territorialized spaces influencing emotional intelligence dynamics in urban contexts.
Agro-ecological urban agriculture and food resilience: The Case of Quito, Ecuador
Cities that transition from promoting urban orchards to establishing comprehensive urban agricultural programs are better positioned to implement food policies, contributing significantly to resilience and sustainable urban development. This study highlights the case of Quito, Ecuador, where the Participatory Urban Agriculture Project (AGRUPAR) has been instrumental in advancing agro-ecological urban agriculture for nearly two decades. By integrating urban agriculture with broader public food policies, Quito aims to strengthen its food security and resilience. The research emphasizes the importance of understanding the entire agri-food system—from production to post-consumption—to connect it with the right to food, the right to the city, and environmental health. While progress has been made, the study underscores the need for a more integrated urban policy that incorporates urban agriculture to fully realize its potential in enhancing Quito's food security.
Deep Learning Approach for Assessing Air Quality During COVID-19 Lockdown in Quito
During Quito's COVID-19 lockdown, concentrations of key pollutants such as CO, NO2, PM2.5, and SO2 dropped significantly by up to 64%, while ozone levels rose by over 26%. This stark shift in air quality was quantified using advanced Deep Learning (DL) models, specifically Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) and Bidirectional Recurrent Neural Networks (BiRNN), which outperformed traditional Machine Learning methods like Gradient Boosting Machines (GBM). The study highlights the potential of DL-based Weather Normalized Models (WNMs) for assessing the impact of events on urban pollution. Critical predictors included temporal factors (time of day, Julian Day) and meteorological variables (relative humidity, wind speed, solar radiation), offering insights into the complex interplay between human activity and environmental conditions.
Impact of Urban Re-Densification on Indoor Lighting Demand and Energy Poverty on the Equator, in the City of Quito
Urban re-densification in Quito, Ecuador, significantly reduces daylight access and increases indoor lighting demand by up to 498%, potentially exacerbating energy poverty. The study analyzed high-rise buildings using simulation tools to assess solar irradiance reductions on facades, considering urban features and building locations. Findings highlight the social risks of unchecked re-densification, which can obstruct daylight by 40% to 80%. The research proposes height limitations for buildings based on street width—four stories for streets under 10 meters, four to six for those between 10 and 14 meters, and six to nine for streets between 14 and 18 meters—to mitigate these impacts. This work underscores the need for public policy adjustments to align urban planning with sustainable development goals.
Management Strategies in the Comprehensive Rehabilitation of the Historic Centers of Quito and Havana
Comprehensive urban rehabilitation of historic centers, such as those in Quito and Old Havana, can effectively preserve cultural identity while addressing urban growth challenges. This study identifies key management strategies that balance heritage conservation with modern urban needs, offering a comparative analysis of two UNESCO World Heritage Sites. By evaluating successes and failures, the research proposes actionable measures to optimize interventions, guiding future decision-making processes. The findings highlight the importance of adaptive approaches in Latin American and Caribbean contexts, where historical centers face complex degradation risks.
Perceived value in a UNESCO World Heritage Site: the case of Quito, Ecuador
Research on the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Quito, Ecuador, identifies five key factors that shape perceived value for tourists: monetary and non-monetary costs, staff service quality, tourist offer accessibility, destination attractiveness, and information accessibility. Notably, this study introduces two new dimensions of accessibility—tourist offer and information—which have not been previously integrated into the measurement of consumer value at World Heritage Sites (WHS). Using exploratory factorial analysis on data from 381 tourists, the findings challenge traditional separations between perceived value and accessibility in academic literature, offering both theoretical and practical insights for WHS management. The study highlights how these factors collectively influence tourist experiences and underscores their significance for sustainable cultural tourism.
Pre-Hispanic Periods and Diet Analysis of the Inhabitants of the Quito Plateau (Ecuador): A Review
A review of pre-Hispanic dietary practices and potential toxic exposures in the Quito plateau reveals that inhabitants relied on a diverse range of flora and fauna, including corn, potatoes, quinoa, beans, chili, oca, rabbit, guinea pig, deer, guanta, and llama. The study identifies possible exposure to glycoalkaloids (α-solanine and α-chaconine), tropane alkaloids, and heavy metals through contaminated foods. It also highlights the feasibility of analyzing biomolecules in archaeological remains using advanced spectroscopic methods, supported by quantum chemistry, which could predict past molecular occurrences with small sample sizes.
Autonomy, Centrality, and Persistence in Place: The Indigenous Movement and the Right to the City in Quito
Indigenous communal activists in Quito challenge conventional urban planning by advocating for communal self-management and the authority of local assemblies over urbanization, aligning with but also critiquing Lefebvrian 'right to the city' theory. The study reveals tensions between collective power to reshape urban processes and fixed city structures, as well as debates on achieving 'centrality'—whether through concentrated urban centers or decentralized alternatives. Ethnographic research with active comuna supporters highlights the limits of constitutional rights in practice, emphasizing the need for a nuanced theory that accounts for diverse political responses to urbanization. This work contributes to understanding indigenous-led urban struggles and their implications for democratic space production.
Fungal and Bacterial Biodeterioration of Outdoor Canvas Paintings: The Case of the Cloisters of Quito, Ecuador
A study of outdoor canvas paintings in the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Quito, Ecuador, reveals significant fungal and bacterial biodeterioration, with species such as Bacillus, Penicillium, Alternaria, Mucor, and Aspergillus identified as key agents. The research, conducted on five paintings from the cloisters of San Francisco, Santo Domingo, and Santa Clara, used traditional and biomolecular techniques to analyze microbial presence and conservation state. Climatic conditions in the San Francisco cloister were also assessed, highlighting problematic exhibition environments that accelerate artwork deterioration. The findings underscore the need for targeted conservation strategies to protect these culturally significant artworks.
Landslide Susceptibility Mapping of Urban Areas: Logistic Regression and Sensitivity Analysis applied to Quito, Ecuador
A novel approach to landslide susceptibility mapping in urban areas reveals that population and street/road density significantly enhance predictive accuracy, with the logistic regression model achieving a validation score of 0.79. This study highlights the importance of incorporating 'urban factors' into risk assessment models for Andean cities like Quito, Ecuador, where such data was previously underutilized. Sensitivity analyses demonstrated that fine-tuning model parameters could further improve prediction by up to 0.53%. The findings underscore the need for household-scale urban feature analysis to inform safer zoning and mitigate social and economic impacts of landslide risks in vulnerable regions.
Los colores de Quito: rápida reflexión sobre el color en la arquitectura del Centro Histórico
A historical analysis of color use in Quito's Historic Center reveals that the city's architectural polychromy was significantly diminished by a 1960s municipal ordinance mandating white and indigo blue facades, which bore little resemblance to the diverse color palettes used across different periods. Research conducted by the Gitty Institute at the end of the 20th century demonstrated that Quito's chromatic diversity varied historically due to pigment availability. Despite a recent 'recovery of color' initiative aimed at restoring this diversity, the long-standing ordinance has fostered public ignorance about the city's rich color history. This study underscores the importance of acknowledging and preserving the spatial coexistence of architectural styles from different eras.
The vaulted systems of the colonial city of Quito, Ecuador
A comparative analysis of vaulted systems in ten prominent colonial churches within the UNESCO World Heritage Site, City of Quito, reveals critical insights into their seismic resilience and historical construction techniques. These structures, primarily built with brick and stone masonry, have endured continuous earthquakes, necessitating recent restoration efforts. The study compiles architectural surveys through systematic tables, providing schematic plans and sections that detail data on origin and construction methods. This pioneering comparative graphic resource offers a comprehensive understanding of the structural characteristics and conservation challenges of these historic churches.
An Intelligent Transportation System: the Quito City Case Study
An intelligent transportation system (ITS) developed for Quito demonstrates accuracy comparable to commercial applications like Google Maps and Waze. This system leverages Sensor Web Enablement (SWE) and the MQTT protocol to provide real-time traffic notifications, route instructions, and performance metrics such as average speeds. The platform integrates heterogeneous sensors via HTTP, using MongoDB and GeoJSON for data management, while supporting adaptability through time interval and location range testing. This approach offers a scalable solution for managing heavy haul transporters entering Quito, addressing both quantifiable economic losses from traffic congestion and unquantified time costs.
Análisis del perfil demográfico y consumo turístico en eventos deportivos en la ciudad de Quito. Caso de estudio: Roger Federer (Analysis of the demographic profile and tourist consumption in sporting events in the city of Quito. Case of study: Roger Fed
A significant economic impact on local businesses and enhanced positioning of Quito as a tourist destination were observed following the hosting of a major sporting event featuring Roger Federer in November 2019. This study, conducted through surveys with 23 items grouped into consumer profile and tourist consumption factors, alongside data from Quito Turismo, demonstrated that large-scale events can diversify tourism offerings and drive local development. The findings support Quito's strategy to host various high-profile events beyond sports, highlighting the potential for such initiatives to boost both economic activity and global visibility.
Analysis of dynamic of tropospheric ozone and nitrogen dioxide in the highest region of the Quito city
A two-year analysis of tropospheric ozone (O3) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations in southern Quito, Ecuador, revealed that daily and monthly levels remained below threshold limit values (TLVs), indicating satisfactory air quality. The study, conducted from January 2017 to December 2019, found an inverse moderate correlation between the pollutants using Spearman’s Rho coefficient. Statistical analysis included central tendency measures, percentile thresholds, and multiple linear regression models linking pollutant levels to meteorological variables such as wind speed and temperature. Despite the absence of TLV violations, the research provides critical insights into air pollution dynamics in a high-altitude urban setting, contributing to broader understanding of atmospheric chemistry in UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
Data-driven Solutions for Evaluating and Planning Last Mile Operations in Latin America: A Methodological Approach Focused in Quito, Ecuador
A novel methodological framework for urban logistics solutions in Latin America, particularly focusing on Quito, Ecuador, offers data-driven approaches to optimize last-mile delivery operations. The study proposes three key models: location analysis for loading and unloading bays, urban transfer centers, and freight trip generation, addressing critical challenges posed by rapid urbanization. While the solutions remain theoretical, estimated implementations in Quito's Historic Center, Entertainment District, and Corporate District demonstrate potential benefits. This replicable methodology aims to improve freight transportation efficiency, reducing externalities and enhancing logistics planning in similar emerging cities across the region.
Deep Learning to implement a Statistical Weather Forecast for the Andean City of Quito
A novel approach leveraging deep learning and low-cost single-board computers achieves accurate temperature forecasts for Quito, Ecuador, with errors as low as 0.74°C. Traditional weather forecasting methods struggle in Quito due to the city's unique microclimates and sensitivity to the Intertropical Convergence Zone. The study validated eight neural networks using the Walk Forward Technique, finding that incorporating temperature data from all available stations yields the most precise predictions. This cost-effective solution offers a promising alternative to expensive conventional weather station expansion, addressing critical forecasting challenges in Andean urban environments.
Determinación del uso del mucilago de nopal en la construcción de la época colonial (caso Convento de San Diego)
Research confirms the use of nopal (prickly pear) mucilage in colonial-era construction, specifically at Quito's Convent of San Diego. Analyzing nine mortar samples from 1597 to 1700, scientists identified spectral patterns matching cooked nopal mucilage—distinct from room-temperature samples—indicating its application for enhanced plasticity when combined with lime. This discovery sheds light on indigenous building techniques in Latin America's colonial architecture.
Heavy metal assessment in drinking waters of Ecuador: Quito, Ibarra and Guayaquil
A comprehensive assessment of drinking water quality in three Ecuadorian cities—Quito, Ibarra, and Guayaquil—revealed that while overall compliance with local and international standards is maintained, significant concerns persist regarding heavy metal contamination. The study, employing multielement analysis and the heavy metal pollution index (HPI), found that 2.8% of samples in Guayaquil exceeded WHO-recommended lead levels, indicating potential risks to human health. Despite no significant HPI differences across neighborhoods, the findings underscore the need for urgent measures to protect water sources, particularly in Guayaquil, where chromium and lead were detected. The research advocates for a nationwide evaluation of plumbing systems to mitigate contamination risks.
Influence of Vertical Gardens on the Air Quality of a City Historic Center
Vertical gardens in Quito's historic center significantly improve air quality, reducing ozone (O3) by up to 99%, nitrogen dioxide (NO2) by 80%, sulfur dioxide (SO2) by 83%, and particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) by up to 79% and 85%, respectively. However, the study reveals that poorly chosen plant species can increase ozone formation. Additionally, while vertical gardens are effective at removing larger particles (>4 µm), they are less efficient for smaller diameters when exposed to direct emissions from combustion engines. The research monitored air quality near four vertical gardens and assessed their retention capacity for gaseous emissions, providing insights into the potential of green infrastructure in urban areas with limited green space.
Quito’s coronavirus curfew: Escalating tropospheric ozone pollution
During Quito's COVID-19 curfew, tropospheric ozone (O3) pollution surged by 96% to 109% compared to pre-pandemic levels, primarily due to a sharp drop in NOx emissions. This reduction, while lowering other pollutants like NO2, CO, and PM2.5, paradoxically allowed O3 to accumulate unchecked, reaching midday peaks. Despite these increases, daily O3 concentrations remained below safety limits. The study highlights how strict controls on primary pollutants can inadvertently worsen secondary pollutant levels like O3, offering critical insights for designing more effective urban air quality policies.
Socio-Spatial Concerns in Urban Mobility Planning: Insights from Competing Policies in Quito
Urban mobility planning in Quito, Ecuador, reveals that the choice between bus rapid transit (BRT) and subway systems is influenced by socio-spatial concerns such as accessibility, urban transformation, economic sustainability, and public acceptability. The study finds that these factors interplay with social, political, and spatial features of the city to shape transport policies over time. By comparing the implementation of Quito's BRT network and an under-construction subway line, the research highlights how competing mobility strategies can either complement or replace each other, depending on their capacity, sustainability, and public reception. This analysis underscores the importance of considering broader socio-spatial dynamics in urban development to achieve equitable and effective transport solutions.
What the COVID-19 lockdown revealed about photochemistry and ozone production in Quito, Ecuador
The COVID-19 lockdown in Quito, Ecuador, revealed a significant shift in the photochemical regime of ozone production. Despite dramatic drops in primary precursors like NO and CO due to mobility restrictions, ambient ozone levels remained unchanged. Using a chemical box model constrained by observations of ozone, NOx, CO, and meteorology—along with VOC/CO ratios from Mexico City—a study found that reduced NOx during morning rush hours increased ozone production rates by more than 100%, reaching up to 23 ppbv h−1. Further analysis, simulating post-lockdown conditions while maintaining pre-lockdown VOC levels, tripled ozone production in mid-morning and sustained elevated rates throughout the day. These findings highlight the complex interplay between NOx reductions and VOCs in urban photochemistry, offering insights into potential scenarios for ozone accumulation.
Assessment of Remote Sensing Data to Model PM10 Estimation in Cities with a Low Number of Air Quality Stations: A Case of Study in Quito, Ecuador
Researchers developed an artificial neuronal network (ANN) model using remote sensing data to estimate PM10 concentrations in Quito, Ecuador, achieving the highest accuracy (R² = 0.68, RMSE = 6.22) among tested methods. This approach offers a viable solution for cities with limited air quality monitoring infrastructure. The study compared Landsat-7 ETM+, Landsat-8 OLI/TIRS, and Aqua-Terra/MODIS satellite data alongside land use regression techniques, demonstrating that ANN outperforms traditional models in predicting PM10 levels. By leveraging publicly available remote sensing datasets, this method provides a scalable tool for air quality assessment in urban environments with sparse ground measurements.
Enseñanza de dimensionamiento lumínico natural en latitud cero: El caso de la ciudad de Quito = Natural illumination teaching on latitude zero: The case of study of city of Quito
A study on natural illumination (NI) in Quito, Ecuador, reveals that architectural designs in the city often overlook technical aspects of NI despite its potential to enhance comfort and reduce energy consumption. The research introduces a methodology for teaching and applying bioclimatic principles to determine optimal window sizes and orientations for maximizing NI, considering Quito's unique conditions at latitude zero with dynamic cloud cover. Using a simplified modifiable application, students analyzed variables such as space use, orientation, and time of day to predict lighting conditions like penumbra, comfort, or glare. The findings underscore the importance of integrating NI considerations into architectural norms for Quito, identifying favorable orientations and periods of solar radiation incidence.
Estimation of people flow in public transportation network through the origin-destination problem for the South-Eastern corridor of Quito city in the smart cities context
A novel mathematical model using Bayesian inference and Monte Carlo simulations successfully estimates people flow in Quito's South-Eastern public transportation corridor. The study leverages Origin-Destination Matrices (ODM) derived from passenger boarding and alighting data, applying the Metropolis-Hastings criterion to validate results. Key findings include the convergence of estimated flows, consistent origin-destination behavior patterns, and robustness against link variations. This approach offers a scalable solution for smart city planning, demonstrated through its application in Quito's transportation network.
Evaluación de la percepción de congestión del turista en el centro histórico de Quito
Tourists visiting Quito's historic center predominantly perceive mild to moderate congestion, according to a study that innovatively links motivational, emotional, and behavioral variables. This research addresses a notable gap in Latin American tourism studies, which have largely overlooked crowding perceptions from visitors' perspectives. By employing a methodological approach that integrates these multifaceted factors, the study provides valuable insights into how tourists experience and interpret congestion in heritage cities. The findings suggest that while congestion is a concern for destination managers, its impact on tourist perception may be less severe than previously assumed.
Geodetic evidence for shallow creep along the Quito fault, Ecuador
Research reveals that the Quito fault, located beneath Ecuador's capital city of Quito, exhibits shallow creep, particularly along its central 20-kilometer segment. This finding, derived from GPS data and PS-InSAR analysis, indicates that horizontal shortening across the fault system is accommodating strain at a rate of 3–5 millimeters per year. The study also identifies a transient deformation event on a secondary thrust east of the main fault between 1995 and 1997. By analyzing interseismic moment deficit buildup and seismicity rates, the researchers estimate that the recurrence time for magnitude 6.5+ earthquakes in this region ranges from 200 to 1200 years. This study underscores the significant seismic hazard posed by the Quito fault, particularly due to its proximity to a densely populated urban area with poor building construction quality.
Geolocation of electric bikes recharging stations: City of Quito study case
Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods prove effective for identifying optimal locations for electric bike recharging stations, as demonstrated in Quito. The study applied similarity preference ranking and weighted overlay techniques, both yielding consistent results with a Pearson correlation coefficient analysis. The analytic hierarchy process determined criterion weights, while standardization established an overall performance index. This approach highlights MCDM's utility in urban planning, offering data-driven solutions for sustainable mobility infrastructure.
Growing Food in the City: Urban Agriculture in Quito, Ecuador, through a Feminist Lens
Urban agriculture (UA) in Quito, Ecuador, can significantly enhance food access and equality for marginalized groups when analyzed through an intersectional feminist lens. This study demonstrates that integrating gendered experiences into UA programming can promote transformative change, improving nutritious food access, social inclusion, and urban environments. It highlights the need to link place-based case studies across diverse political contexts to inform policy and development strategies effectively. The research employs feminist political ecology to explore how intersections of social location—such as gender, class, and race—influence UA participation and outcomes. By centering these perspectives, the study offers a framework for more equitable and inclusive urban agricultural initiatives.
Household Food Consumption Patterns and Food Security among Low-Income Migrant Urban Farmers in Delhi, Jakarta, and Quito
Urban agriculture provides a buffer against food insecurity for low-income migrant farmers, enhancing both the quantity and quality of their diets. A study across Delhi, Jakarta, and Quito found that participation in urban farming improves household food security through direct consumption and indirect benefits like increased income and better access to diverse food options. Despite varying practices in each city, growing food in urban areas consistently offered protection against food insecurity. This research aligns with the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by addressing hunger, nutrition, and sustainable agriculture, offering critical insights as rural-urban migration trends continue.
Intelligent Heterogeneous Transportation System in Quito city under the paradigm SWE-SOS standard and loT notifications
An Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) for Quito, Ecuador, leverages crowd-sensing and IoT to improve real-time traffic situational awareness by up to 30%. The system integrates Sensor Web Enablement (SWE-SOS) standards with MQTT-based notifications, utilizing smartphones as primary data sources alongside Arduino and Raspberry Pi modules. This approach enhances communication efficiency while addressing Quito's significant urban mobility challenges, offering a scalable model for smart city solutions.
METACity‐Quito: A Semi‐Dense Urban Seismic Network Deployed to Analyze the Concept of Metamaterial for the Future Design of Seismic‐Proof Cities
Researchers have demonstrated that urban structures can act as seismic metamaterials, creating 'forbidden bands' where seismic energy is significantly reduced. This phenomenon, observed through a semi-dense urban seismic network in Quito, Ecuador (METACity-Quito), reveals how multiscale interactions between soil and buildings modify ground motion patterns. The study suggests that understanding these interactions could lead to the design of future seismic-proof cities by strategically arranging structures to mitigate earthquake damage. The approach involved deploying sensors across Quito to measure wavefield modifications, providing new insights into urban site effects and structural responses.
Oral health of 12-year-old children in Quito, Ecuador: a population-based epidemiological survey
A population-based survey of 12-year-old children in Quito, Ecuador, revealed high prevalence rates for oral health issues, with dental caries affecting 60.3% and gingival bleeding reaching 92%. The study also found significant occurrences of traumatic dental injuries (20.7%), fluorosis (63.7%), calculus presence (69.9%), and malocclusion (25.8%). Conducted across 31 public schools, the research employed calibrated examiners to assess six oral health outcomes using standardized clinical examinations. The findings suggest that periodontal health and fluorosis are particularly prevalent in Quito's child population compared to similar urban settings. This comprehensive epidemiological survey provides critical data for understanding oral health disparities and informing public health interventions.
Prevalence of Early Childhood Caries in Children Aged 1 to 5 Years in the City of Quito, Ecuador
Early childhood caries affects nearly 60% of children aged 1 to 5 years in Quito, Ecuador, with the highest prevalence observed in 2- and 3-year-olds. This aggressive dental condition, characterized by rapid tooth destruction and pulp involvement, was found to be more common in boys (53.92%) than girls (46.08%). The study, conducted using a cross-sectional approach with 557 children from childcare centers, employed clinical evaluations and the dmft index to assess severity, revealing a medium-level prevalence aligned with WHO classifications. These findings underscore the significant burden of early childhood caries in Quito, highlighting the need for targeted preventive and intervention strategies.
Air pollution control and the occurrence of acute respiratory illness in school children of Quito, Ecuador
A city-wide air pollution control program in Quito, Ecuador, led to a 48% reduction in the incidence of acute respiratory illness (ARI) among school children aged 6-12 years over five years. The study compared data from two cohorts observed in 2000 and 2007, finding a significant decline in both ARI cases and serum carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) levels—a proxy for carbon monoxide exposure—due to vehicle emission controls. While no direct link was found between elevated COHb concentrations and ARI incidence, the overall reduction in air pollution correlated with improved respiratory health in children. This highlights the potential public health benefits of targeted traffic-related pollution management.
Landslide susceptibility mapping using fuzzy logic and multi-criteria evaluation techniques in the city of Quito, Ecuador
A landslide susceptibility map for Quito, Ecuador, reveals that 5% of the study area faces critical risk, with 19% high, 58% average, and 18% low sensitivity. The research leveraged fuzzy logic and multi-criteria evaluation techniques in GIS to model susceptibility based on historical and field-validated landslide data. Key factors such as topography, geology, precipitation, and vegetation were standardized using a sinusoidal function to assess their correlation with landslides. Validation confirmed the model's accuracy with a 78.4% adjustment rate and a standard error of 0.216, underscoring its reliability for infrastructure planning in high-risk zones like Simón Bolívar Avenue.
Solutions for Enhanced Commercial Logistics in Cities – A Case Study of Two Different Zones in Quito – Ecuador
A study on Quito's Historic Center and La Mariscal zones reveals that optimizing the number and location of loading and unloading bays can significantly enhance commercial logistics. The research, conducted by Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ) in collaboration with MIT's Megacity Logistics Lab, proposes a solution to minimize delivery time and distance, improve urban freight transportation, and reduce traffic congestion. By analyzing actual commercial activity data through surveys on delivery frequency and quantity, the study developed an optimization model to determine the optimal number of bays—75 for the Historic Center and 98 for La Mariscal per square kilometer. This approach aims to serve as a baseline for further urban logistics research in Latin America, where such studies remain underdeveloped.
Tourist experience measurement in Quito city
Tourist satisfaction in Quito is highly influenced by 20 key aspects, with tourists' expectations balanced in dimensions such as uniqueness, multisensory experience, rational quality, and personal enrichment. However, performance in relational development and responsibility falls short of expectations. This study validates a theoretical model using Likert-type scales to measure tourist experience holistically, employing multivariate analysis and importance-performance analysis matrix for graphic presentation. The research identifies influential factors on tourist satisfaction, providing insights into improving the tourist experience in Quito.
Application of the City Blueprint Approach to assess the challenges of water management and governance in Quito (Ecuador)
Poor wastewater treatment and long-term drinking water security pose significant challenges to Quito's urban water management, exacerbated by rapid urbanization and economic pressures. A study applying the City Blueprint Approach—comprising three assessment frameworks (Trends and Pressure Framework, City Blueprint Framework, and Governance Capacity Framework)—revealed that stakeholder cooperation, implementing capacity, and citizens' awareness are critical for addressing these issues. The analysis also highlighted the need for greater emphasis on transparency, accountability, and participation principles to enhance governance capacity. This approach serves as an affordable tool for cities aiming to strategically plan their sustainable development goals.
Assessing and Planning Sustainable City Region Food Systems: Insights from Two Latin American Cities
Urban food systems and urban development are deeply interconnected, necessitating integrated approaches to address sustainability and resilience challenges. The concept of City Region Food Systems (CRFS) offers a promising framework for local governments and policymakers to make informed decisions that bridge urban and rural development. This study analyzes the CRFS approach through case studies in Quito and Medellín, revealing initial advances in policy uptake and territorial food planning. By examining these Latin American cities, the research highlights the potential of CRFS to enhance food security and sustainability while fostering more cohesive regional development strategies.
Evolutionary design optimization of traffic signals applied to Quito city
A groundbreaking optimization of Quito's traffic signals using evolutionary computation and machine learning significantly reduced travel time, emissions, and fuel consumption. The study employed a specialized evolutionary algorithm with mutation operators tailored for large decision spaces, achieving effective results in small populations over few generations. Hierarchical clustering of optimal solutions revealed systemic effects, including signal coordination patterns and spatial emission reductions. This approach offers a scalable method to improve urban transportation efficiency while providing deeper insights into traffic system dynamics.
Experimental Infrastructure: Experiences in Bicycling in Quito, Ecuador
Bicycling infrastructure in Quito, Ecuador, emerges as a dynamic site for democratic engagement and urban transformation. This study reveals that such infrastructure is not merely built but actively produced through interactions between human actors—particularly cyclists—and non-human elements like the city's physical landscape. Using an ethnographic approach rooted in feminist science and technology studies (STS), the research demonstrates how cyclists, through participatory practices like photo diaries, contribute to shaping urban spaces while making political claims for more inclusive Andean cities. The term 'experimental infrastructure' highlights the fluid, relational processes underlying its creation, emphasizing its role as both an intersectional space and a catalyst for democratic action. Based on 15 months of fieldwork, this work challenges conventional notions of infrastructure design by centering lived experiences and intra-action—where subjects and objects co-constitute urban systems.
Particulate matter air pollution from the city of Quito, Ecuador, activates inflammatory signaling pathways in vitro
Air pollution from Quito, Ecuador, triggers inflammatory responses linked to respiratory, cardiovascular, and neurological diseases. Research reveals that particulate matter (PM) from urban and periurban sites activates TLR2 and TLR4 signaling pathways, with effects varying by particle size. Additionally, Quito's PM effectively stimulates the NLRP3 inflammasome, a key mediator of inflammation. The study analyzed PM 10 and PM 2.5 collected at seven locations using in vitro methods to assess toxicity and inflammatory activation.
Quito, a World Heritage City or a city to live in?
Quito, Ecuador's capital and the first city to be designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1978, faces challenges in balancing urban heritage preservation with sustainable development. A recent study highlights that innovative cultural programs, such as 'Tell me about your Quito,' have successfully redefined heritage by involving residents in its creation and appropriation. This approach, emerging within the context of Ecuador's 'Citizens' Revolution' and 'Good Living State' policies, suggests a shift towards a 'right to heritage.' This inclusive tool fosters urban spaces where residents can actively participate, potentially leading to more democratic and sustainable urban planning practices.
Secrets of Quito: Discovering a city through TripAdvisor
Analysis of TripAdvisor reviews reveals that user-generated content on social networks can serve as a valuable tool for understanding urban dynamics, such as those in Quito. By combining geo-referenced and lexical data with clustering algorithms (k-means) and TF-IDF statistical analysis, researchers identified distinct patterns in how the city is described by users. These findings were compared to municipal field studies, offering insights into public perception versus official observations. The study highlights the potential of social media data for urban research, providing a novel approach to studying human behavior in cities.
Segmentation and motivation of foreign tourists in world heritage sites. A case study, Quito (Ecuador)
Research on foreign tourists visiting Quito, Ecuador, reveals that hedonic-gastronomic motivations significantly influence visitor satisfaction and loyalty. Three motivational dimensions—cultural, circumstantial, and hedonic-gastronomic—were identified, along with four distinct tourist segments: hedonic-gastronomic cultural tourists, hedonic-gastronomic tourists, circumstantial hedonic-gastronomic cultural tourists, and alternative tourists. The study highlights that only the hedonic-gastronomic dimension plays a critical role in shaping perceived satisfaction and loyalty among visitors to this UNESCO World Heritage Site. This finding underscores the importance of gastronomic experiences in enhancing tourist engagement and long-term attachment to cultural destinations.
The New Urban Agenda: key opportunities and challenges for policy and practice
The New Urban Agenda, emerging from the UN-HABITAT III conference in Quito (2016), introduces Sustainable Development Goal 11 (SDG 11) to foster inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable cities. This agenda, while promising, risks reductionism by overlooking diverse urban spaces, potentially marginalizing certain areas in global urban policy. The study highlights the need for reflexive awareness to ensure equitable urban development. It examines the implications of this agenda through a critical analysis of its metrics, indicators, and evaluation systems, advocating for a more nuanced approach that considers the complexities of urban environments.
Acceptability of an A2R Application: Analysis of Correlations between Factors in a TAM
A study on the acceptability of Adaptive Augmented Reality (A2R) applications, conducted at Quito's historic center, reveals that perceived adaptability, ease of use, usefulness, and enjoyment are critical factors in user acceptance. Unlike prior research focusing solely on AR or recommendation systems, this study uniquely examines A2R—a hybrid mobile technology guiding users to remarkable places based on their preferences. Using an adapted Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), the researchers analyzed correlations among these variables through an experiment involving young adults aged 18–25. The findings underscore the importance of adaptability and user-centered design in shaping positive attitudes toward A2R, offering insights for future heritage tourism applications.
Analysis of the factors generating vehicular traffic in the city of Quito and its relation to the application of sensorial and social data with big data as a basis for decision making
Traffic congestion is a significant issue in Quito, with residents identifying it as one of the city's main problems. This study analyzed factors contributing to vehicular traffic, including the increase in vehicles and underutilization of public transport, through field research involving 384 participants. It also explored the potential use of social networks, such as Twitter, and sensorial data for capturing real-time information to improve traffic management. The research highlights the feasibility of using Big Data tools to enhance decision-making for traffic efficiency, offering an initial but critical analysis for potential solutions.
Causes and consequences of the sinkhole at El Trébol of Quito, Ecuador – implications for economic damage and risk assessment
A massive sinkhole at El Trébol, Quito's critical road interchange, exposed the severe economic and structural risks posed by neglected subterranean infrastructure. The collapse, triggered by heavy rainfall and exacerbated by decades of unmonitored trash accumulation in a concrete tunnel rerouting the Machángara River, reached 120 meters in diameter and 40 meters deep, revealing the river below. The study highlights that indirect costs—such as time loss, vehicle delays, and increased expenses—far exceeded direct reconstruction costs, underscoring the need for robust risk assessment and maintenance of aging urban infrastructure. By analyzing rainfall data, hydrogeological factors, and historical sinkhole patterns in Quito, researchers demonstrated how unchecked decay in subterranean systems can lead to catastrophic socio-natural disasters with disproportionate financial consequences.
Identifying the Ozone Weekend Effect in the air quality of the northern Andean region of Ecuador
Researchers identified the Ozone Weekend Effect (WE) in Quito, Ecuador, where ozone (O₃) levels peak on weekends while emissions of its precursors (NOₓ and VOCs) decline. Analyzing hourly air quality data from 2005 to 2012 at two urban stations—Centro (historic center) and Belisario (center-north)—the study found that Sunday O₃ concentrations were significantly higher, by 19.7–31.1% in Belisario and 11.7–18.4% in Centro, compared to weekdays. This suggests Quito operates under VOC-limited conditions for photochemical O₃ production, a critical insight for air quality management in the northern Andean region.
Management of low-income condominiums in Bogotá and Quito: the balance between property law and self-organisation
Low-income condominiums in Bogotá, Colombia, exhibit higher maintenance levels compared to those in Quito, Ecuador, despite both cities sharing similar housing policies. Contrary to expectations, self-organization efforts in Bogotá negatively impact perceived maintenance levels (PML), while in Quito, such participation positively influences PML. This suggests that the relationship between formal legal requirements for self-organization and actual maintenance outcomes is more nuanced than initially hypothesized. The study applies Ostrom's Institutional Analysis and Development framework to analyze data from 414 households surveyed in 2014, examining community characteristics, governance structures, and physical environments. It highlights the complex interplay between property law and collective action in shaping urban housing conditions.
Selling EthniCity
The edited volume 'Selling EthniCity' reveals how urban cultural politics in the Americas, from colonial times to contemporary consumer societies, commodify ethnicity for economic and identity purposes. It demonstrates that ethnic heritage is increasingly leveraged as a marketable asset, reshaping urban landscapes while raising questions about authenticity and memory. The study employs comparative case studies—ranging from carnival celebrations in post-Katrina New Orleans to gentrification in U.S. neighborhoods—to analyze how ethnicity is performed, consumed, and contested. Key findings include the tension between heritage preservation (e.g., Quito’s historic center) and commercialization, as well as the role of digital media in re-ethnicizing urban spaces. The research combines ethnographic observation, cultural analysis, and critical discourse studies to expose the complexities of identity politics in globalized cities.
The World’s Cities in 2016
By 2030, urban areas are projected to house 60% of the global population, with one in three people living in cities of at least half a million inhabitants. This significant shift underscores the urgency for sustainable urban development strategies, particularly as outlined in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and discussions during the Habitat III conference in Quito, Ecuador (2016). The publication leverages population estimates and projections from World Urbanization Prospects: The 2014 Revision to analyze current and future urbanization trends worldwide. These insights are critical for policymakers aiming to address challenges posed by rapid urban growth, such as infrastructure demands, environmental sustainability, and equitable resource distribution.
La urbanización global: de lo andino a lo urbano: desterritorialización y reterritorialización del Centro Histórico de Quito: breve aproximación a una genealogía de la calle Cuenca
Global urbanization processes in Quito's Historic Center, particularly along Cuenca Street, reveal a dynamic tension between transnational capitalism and local Andean identities. The study demonstrates how hegemonic urban models imposed by transnational capital dismantle traditional lifestyles and practices, leading to deterritorialization—where local cultures are eroded—and reterritorialization, where new, often homogenized spaces emerge. Through genealogical analysis of Cuenca Street, the research uncovers how Quito's urban fabric is reshaped as a consumable product in the global market, prioritizing accumulation over cultural preservation. This work highlights the contested nature of Andean cities as both mestizo spaces and arenas of ideological struggle.
Local and International Dynamics in Historic Cities: Understanding the Influence of UNESCO World Heritage Designation on Urban Development in Quito, Ecuador
Quito's historic center, designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1978, exemplifies both positive and negative impacts of such recognition on urban development in South America. While demographic and socio-economic data reflect local policy effects, the study questions whether UNESCO's influence extends beyond these outcomes. It explores the balance between urban development needs—such as infrastructure for over 2 million citizens—and heritage preservation, particularly through compliance with UNESCO and ICOMOS reports. The research examines how these international guidelines shape local decision-making, challenging assumptions about the power dynamics between global conservation efforts and local governance. By analyzing urban plans and policy implementations, the study seeks to clarify whether UNESCO's designation fosters or hinders balanced socio-economic development in historic cities.
Redesigning a Retail Distribution Network in Restricted Urban Areas: A Case Study on Beverage Distribution in the Historic Center of Quito
A new distribution network for beverage deliveries in Quito's historic center, designed using multicriteria decision-making and operational research models, successfully reduces route distances while adhering to municipal restrictions. The proposed scheme also balances daily delivery times, offering a more efficient solution for urban logistics in restricted areas. This study demonstrates the feasibility of optimizing retail distribution networks through advanced modeling techniques, providing a practical approach for similar challenges in heritage-sensitive urban environments.
Urban Climate Adaptation in the Global South
Urban climate adaptation in the Global South is driven by endogenous factors and sustained through strategic alignment with existing agendas. A study of Durban and Quito reveals that cities pioneering adaptation planning capitalize on emerging opportunities, creatively linking new climate goals to established programs. This approach, grounded in institutional theory and case analysis, offers a model for other developing cities facing similar challenges. The findings highlight the importance of endogenous motivations and flexible policy integration in advancing urban resilience.
Vantage Points: Andeans and Europeans in the Construction of Colonial Quito
Colonial Quito's urban development, as described by Spanish scientists Antonio de Ulloa and Jorge Juan in the 1730s, reveals a dynamic interplay between Andean traditions and European influences. Their observations highlight the city's plazas, blending indigenous spatial organization with European architectural aesthetics. The study employs historical analysis to dissect this duality, uncovering how power dynamics shaped Quito's urban landscape during its colonial era. This research contributes to understanding the cultural synthesis that defined Latin America's colonial cities, offering insights into the negotiation of space and identity in a multicultural setting.
The Sustainability of Urban Heritage Preservation: The Case of Quito
Quito's Historic Center, declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1978, serves as a critical case study for sustainable urban heritage preservation. This area, characterized by its churches, squares, museums, and monuments, faces significant challenges in balancing conservation with modern urban development. The study employs a comprehensive approach to analyze the sustainability of these efforts, focusing on the interplay between historical significance, architectural integrity, and contemporary urban needs. By examining the unique cultural and environmental dynamics of Quito, this research provides valuable insights into strategies for preserving heritage sites while ensuring their relevance and functionality in the 21st century.
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