Publications
Analysis of Tourism Sustainability in the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Brazil
Tourism sustainability in the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Brazil, is found to be a mixed scenario—ranging from sustainable to unsustainable practices—with critical vulnerabilities tied to rising population and high tourist inflows. This assessment, derived from the Tourism Sustainable Indicators System (TSIS), highlights the archipelago's delicate balance between environmental protection and tourism growth, particularly concerning its sensitive ecosystems and rich biodiversity. The study emphasizes the need for robust resource management in the two protected areas of Noronha to mitigate negative impacts. Conducted through semi-structured surveys, interviews with public authorities, civil society, and private sector agents, the research provides a nuanced understanding of the archipelago's sustainability dimensions—environmental, cultural, social, economic, touristic, and institutional. Its findings carry both local and global significance, offering insights for sustainable planning in isolated island contexts like Noronha.
Sponge Communities of Submarine Caves and Tunnels on the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Northeast Brazil
A recent study significantly expands the known diversity of sponge species in submarine caves and tunnels within the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Fernando de Noronha, Brazil. Researchers documented 69 sponge species, doubling the previously recorded number (29) for these cryptic environments. The study highlights distinct community structures across cave zones: semi-dark areas are rich in Demospongiae, Homoscleromorpha, and Calcarea, while transition zones feature desma-bearing sponges and thinly encrusting spirastrellids. Notably, the darkest zone in Ilha do Meio Cave was nearly azoic, containing only three species. The research involved scuba diving explorations at depths of 5 to 18 meters across three cavities—Sapata Cave, Ilha do Meio Cave, and Pedras Secas Tunnel—revealing the unique biodiversity and ecological dynamics of these underwater habitats in the Southwestern Atlantic.
A new species of pincer wasps of Deinodryinus Perkins (Hymenoptera, Dryinidae) from oceanic archipelago of Fernando de Noronha, Brazil
Researchers have identified and described a new species of pincer wasps, Deinodryinus noronhensis, from the oceanic archipelago of Fernando de Noronha in Brazil. This marks the first record of the genus Deinodryinus Perkins in the region. The study includes an illustration of the new species and updates a key for identification. Additionally, it discusses the significance of this discovery within the northeastern Brazilian context. The research contributes to our understanding of biodiversity in UNESCO World Heritage Sites, particularly in isolated oceanic environments.
Insect (Hexapoda) Diversity in the Oceanic Archipelago of Fernando de Noronha, Brazil: Scenopinidae (Diptera)
A rare discovery of window flies (Scenopinidae) in the remote Brazilian archipelago of Fernando de Noronha extends known insect distributions, linking the island's fauna to mainland Brazil. The study documents only 16 specimens—three males and 13 females—of Scenopinus schulzi, highlighting its low abundance. Researchers suggest this species likely colonized the islands from the continent, challenging assumptions about oceanic archipelago isolation. By analyzing these findings, the study contributes to understanding insect dispersal in isolated ecosystems, offering insights into biodiversity patterns in UNESCO-listed marine reserves.
Plasma Calcium and Phosphorus Levels in Chelonia mydas Juveniles Obtained from Three Feeding Areas on the Brazilian Coast
Plasma phosphorus levels in juvenile green turtles (Chelonia mydas) decrease significantly with distance from coastal regions, suggesting these levels could serve as a reliable indicator of environmental quality in feeding sites along the Brazilian coast. The study, conducted between 2012 and 2014, analyzed plasma calcium and phosphorus concentrations in 123 turtles from three distinct feeding areas: Vitória Bay (ES), Abrolhos Marine National Park (BA), and Atol das Rocas Biological Reserve (RN). These sites exhibit varying degrees of anthropization. Findings indicate that phosphorus levels drop as the distance from coastal regions increases, highlighting the potential impact of human activities on marine ecosystems and turtle health. The research recommends further studies to correlate food component phosphorus levels with plasma concentrations to strengthen this environmental quality indicator.
The sweat bees from Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Brazil (Hymenoptera: Halictidae)
A new species of sweat bee, Augochlora (Augochlora) sp., has been recorded from the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, a UNESCO World Heritage Site off Brazil's coast. This discovery adds to the known biodiversity of the region and contributes to our understanding of its unique ecosystems. The study also includes redescriptions of two previously documented species, Augochlora (Augochlora) laevipyga and Lasioglossum (Dialictus) atripyga, with the first illustration of male terminalia for the Kirby species. Researchers used recently collected specimens to characterize these bees, providing valuable insights into their morphology and taxonomy.
Wave-induced sediment and rhodolith mobility on a narrow insular shelf dominated by wave variability (Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Brazil)
A seasonal wave regime significantly influences sediment and rhodolith mobility on the narrow insular shelf of Fernando de Noronha, Brazil. The study reveals that summer swell waves from the north increase sediment movement along the northern coast, while winter trade wind waves from the southeast and southern swells affect the southern face. Wave-induced sediment mobility occurs across the entire shelf, up to 60 meters deep near the shelf break, with carbonate bioclastic sediments being remobilized intensely in nearshore zones. Rhodolith movement, less dense but larger than sediments, happens under extreme wave conditions up to 30 meters depth, varying seasonally based on predominant wave direction. This research combines numerical modeling and empirical equations to describe spatial fields of sediment and rhodolith mobility, providing insights into the interaction between wave climate variability and shelf morphology.
Assessing trophic interactions between pelagic predatory fish by gut content and stable isotopes analysis around Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Brazil), Equatorial West Atlantic
Research around Fernando de Noronha Archipelago reveals that four pelagic predatory fish—yellowfin tuna, wahoo, barracuda, and dolphinfish—exhibit specialized yet distinct feeding strategies, minimizing competition through low trophic niche overlap. Stable isotope analysis confirmed their coexistence by targeting different prey, despite their generalist/opportunistic diets. Yellowfin tuna displayed the highest dietary diversity, while barracuda and wahoo showed notable overlap (R0 = 0.72). The study highlights the archipelago's role in supporting diverse trophic interactions among these key predators.
Cross-sectional survey for Toxoplasma gondii infection in humans in Fernando de Noronha island, Brazil
A cross-sectional survey reveals a significant seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection (50.4%) among residents of Fernando de Noronha Island, Brazil, marking the first epidemiological study of this zoonotic disease in the archipelago. Key risk factors identified include consumption of well or rainwater and game meat, with odds ratios of 2.43 and 1.80, respectively. The findings highlight the need for targeted prevention and control measures, particularly in island environments where water sources and dietary habits may pose higher infection risks.
Feral cat population rises on Fernando de Noronha Archipelago
A recent study reveals a concerning 41.1% increase in the feral cat population on Fernando de Noronha, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and critical habitat for endangered marine birds and endemic species. Researchers estimated the current population at 439 cats (CI95%: 283-680) with a density of 46 animals/km², highlighting an urgent need for population control or eradication to protect native wildlife. The study employed live trapping using tomahawk traps and various baits over two fieldwork periods in 2018–2019, alongside linear transect surveys. Despite extensive trapping efforts totaling 5,376 hours, no cats were captured, underscoring the challenges of managing this invasive species. The findings emphasize the ecological threat posed by feral cats to the archipelago's biodiversity and its status as a human heritage site.
Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Brazil): A Coastal Geopark Proposal to Foster the Local Economy, Tourism and Sustainability
Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Brazil, holds significant potential to become a UNESCO Global Geopark, combining geological heritage conservation with sustainable economic development. This study highlights the archipelago's geodiversity and its role in fostering local economies through sustainable tourism, environmental protection, and the creation of geo-based products (geoproducts) and foods (geofood). The research builds on prior work by Brazil's Geological Service (CPRM), which identified key geological sites (geosites) on the island. By proposing Fernando de Noronha as a geopark, the study demonstrates how such initiatives can balance ecological preservation with economic growth, offering a model for other coastal regions. The approach involves leveraging geological heritage to attract tourism while ensuring sustainable practices, thereby benefiting both conservation and local communities.
Governança ambiental em áreas marinhas protegidas: o contexto do Arquipélago de Fernando de Noronha, Brasil
A study on the Brazilian Atlantic Islands highlights that unchecked tourism, despite being the main economic driver, has become the primary cause of environmental degradation and destruction in protected marine areas like Fernando de Noronha. The research reveals a transition from an idyllic paradise to severe socio-environmental conflicts, marked by urban-like environmental issues and power struggles among stakeholders. This deterioration is attributed to poor governance, lack of institutional integration, and non-compliance with environmental restrictions, posing risks of social, environmental, and economic collapse. The study employed Policy Analysis and the MACTOR software to analyze data collected through direct observation and key actor interviews.
Insect (Hexapoda) diversity in the oceanic archipelago of Fernando de Noronha, Brazil: Pipunculidae (Diptera)
A rare insect, Eudorylas lepus (Rafael, 1990), has been documented for the first time in Fernando de Noronha, a UNESCO-listed archipelago off Brazil’s coast. This discovery contributes to the understanding of Hexapoda diversity in oceanic islands, where such species are often scarce or overlooked. The study, published in Entomological Communications, records the insect in low numbers and provides a brief characterization. Researchers used field collections to identify this new occurrence, highlighting the importance of remote archipelagos like Fernando de Noronha for biodiversity studies.
Insect (Hexapoda) diversity in the Oceanic Archipelago of Fernando de Noronha, Brazil: Seasonality and Populational Density of Tabanidae (Diptera)
A study on the Brazilian Atlantic Islands of Fernando de Noronha and Atol das Rocas reveals that two epidemiologically significant species of bloodsucking Tabanidae, Tabanus occidentalis and T. pungens, dominate the insect diversity in this oceanic archipelago. T. occidentalis accounted for 99.6% of collected specimens across both rainy and dry seasons, while T. pungens was rare, comprising only 0.4%, primarily during the dry season. These species, likely introduced accidentally, pose risks to livestock health and tourism due to their pestering behavior and potential pathogen transmission. The study also highlights the role of the invasive aquatic plant Pistia stratiotes as a larval habitat for these tabanids, recommending its removal from local ponds to control their populations.
Sightings trends and behaviour of manta rays in Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Brazil
A decade-long analysis of photographic and video records reveals that manta rays, likely Mobula birostris, inhabit the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (FNA) year-round, with shallow waters serving as critical feeding grounds. The study, spanning 2002 to 2019, identified 130 sightings, of which 48% were of re-sighted individuals, indicating seasonal and multi-year use of the area. Notably, 69% of observed rays were small (≤3 m disc width), suggesting a juvenile population, further supported by undeveloped claspers in males and absence of mating scars in females. This first report of manta ray behavior at FNA provides preliminary evidence of feeding habits among juveniles in Brazilian waters, contributing to the understanding of their regional distribution and habitat use.
Surface Circulation and Vertical Structure of Upper Ocean Variability Around Fernando de Noronha Archipelago and Rocas Atoll During Spring 2015 and Fall 2017
A study of oceanographic conditions around the Brazilian Atlantic Islands—Fernando de Noronha and Rocas Atoll—revealed significant seasonal variability in circulation, temperature, and nutrient distribution. In spring 2015, oxygen-rich waters from the South Equatorial Undercurrent (SEUC) reached Rocas Atoll, while fall 2017 showed no such retroflection, indicating dynamic shifts in subsurface water transport. Island-induced flow disturbances, including current splitting and mesoscale eddies, were observed near Fernando de Noronha, with a cyclonic vortex detected southeast of Rocas Atoll. These features likely enhance local productivity by bringing subsurface nutrients to the euphotic layer. The research used current, hydrographic, and satellite data from two cruises (2015 and 2017) to analyze upper-ocean variability, highlighting the complex interplay between island topography and ocean dynamics.
The first species of Embioptera (Insecta) from the archipelago of Fernando de Noronha (Pernambuco: Brazil)
Researchers have identified and described Pararhagadochir noronhensis, the first species of Embioptera (Insecta) from the Fernando de Noronha archipelago in Brazil. This discovery adds to the six known species of the genus Pararhagadochir found across Brazil. The new species is distinguished by unique morphological traits, including a strongly concave anterior margin of the submentum and a forked caudal process on the 10th left hemitergite. The study contributes to the understanding of Embioptera diversity in Brazilian ecosystems, particularly in isolated island environments like Fernando de Noronha, which is part of UNESCO World Heritage Sites. The research relied on detailed morphological analysis to characterize the new species.
First fish fauna assessment in the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago with BRUVS: Species catalog with underwater imagery
A groundbreaking fish fauna assessment of the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, a UNESCO World Heritage Site off northeastern Brazil, reveals remarkable species richness with 66 distinct fish species recorded using non-destructive Baited Remote Underwater Video Systems (BRUVS). This method avoids biases from traditional catch or visual census techniques, providing an unbiased inventory of marine ichthyofauna. The study documented a diverse assemblage, including five elasmobranch species and large predatory fish such as barracudas, groupers, and snappers, from 81 underwater video samples. Additionally, the research cataloged 4,398 individuals across four benthic habitat types, offering valuable insights into the ecological dynamics of this protected marine environment.
Insect (Hexapoda) diversity in the oceanic archipelago of Fernando de Noronha, Brazil: updated taxonomic checklist and new records
A comprehensive survey of insect diversity in the UNESCO-listed Fernando de Noronha and Atol das Rocas archipelago has revealed 453 hexapod species across 21 orders, more than doubling previous knowledge. The study identified 263 new records, including 38 potentially endemic species, providing critical baseline data for conservation efforts. Researchers employed systematic sampling and taxonomic analysis to document the entomofauna, highlighting the archipelago's ecological significance while underscoring gaps in our understanding of oceanic island biodiversity.
Land Snails of the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Brazil
A survey of terrestrial gastropods in the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Brazil, identified four land snail species: two endemics (Hyperaulax ridleyi and Ridleya quinquelirata) and two widespread species (Beckianum beckianum and Allopeas gracile). Hyperaulax ridleyi was the most abundant. This study provides critical baseline data for the conservation of these vulnerable, endemic species, marking a significant step toward developing future protection strategies for the archipelago's terrestrial biodiversity.
Mesophotic ecosystems at Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Brazil (South-western Atlantic), reveal unique ichthyofauna and need for conservation
A groundbreaking survey of mesophotic ecosystems at the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Brazil, has uncovered 19 new fish species, including four potential new species, significantly increasing marine fish richness by 8.2% in the region. This discovery underscores the biodiversity hidden at depths between 31 and 150 meters, even in well-studied areas like Fernando de Noronha. Researchers employed a multi-method approach, utilizing SCUBA and technical rebreather diving, baited remote underwater videos, and remotely operated vehicles to document shallow (≤ 30 m) and mesophotic fish diversity. The findings highlight the critical need for conservation efforts to protect these unique ichthyofauna, which remain largely unexplored and vulnerable to human impacts.
Small microplastics on beaches of Fernando de Noronha Island, Tropical Atlantic Ocean
A study on the beaches of Fernando de Noronha Island, part of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites, reveals that small microplastics (SMP) are prevalent, with synthetic fibers being the predominant type. The research analyzed SMP from 15 sandy beaches, categorizing them by shape, color, and size. No significant difference was found in the concentration of SMP between windward and leeward beaches, indicating that environmental factors controlling the transport and deposition of synthetic fibers may differ from those affecting fragments. While allochthonous sources are challenging to prevent at a small scale, the study underscores the necessity for management actions to curb autochthonous sources of microplastics on the island.
Using genetics to plan black rat (Rattus rattus) management in Fernando de Noronha archipelago, Brazil
Genetic analysis reveals that black rat populations on two islands within the Fernando de Noronha archipelago, Brazil, exhibit significant differentiation with minimal or no gene flow between them. This finding suggests that if rats were eradicated from Rata Island, reinvasion from the main island is unlikely. The study employed D-Loop sequences and 14 microsatellite markers to assess genetic connectivity, providing critical insights for targeted conservation efforts. These results support the implementation of a rat eradication program on Rata Island, following the success of a similar initiative on nearby Meio Island.
Benthic reef assemblages of the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, tropical South-west Atlantic: Effects of depth, wave exposure and cross-shelf positioning
Researchers identified five distinct benthic reef assemblages in the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and no-take marine protected area (MPA) with significant human influence. The study found that distance to the insular slope, depth, and wave exposure were the primary drivers of assemblage differentiation, highlighting the unique vulnerability of these oceanic islands to local and global stressors despite their protection status. Using multivariate regression trees and boosted regression trees, the team analyzed 128 benthic taxa from 12 sites across shallow and mesophotic zones, providing a critical baseline for monitoring future changes in this ecologically sensitive region.
Brazilian Archisotoma Linnaniemi (Collembola, Isotomidae), with description of a new species from an oceanic atoll
A new species of Collembola, Archisotoma jariani, has been discovered from the intertidal sand of Atol das Rocas, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and oceanic atoll off Brazil. This marks the first record of this genus in the region, expanding its known distribution and habitat range. The species belongs to the besselsi group, characterized by small size, specific tibial spurs, maxillary head structure, and trichobothria arrangement on abdominal segment VI. The study provides a taxonomic key for all Brazilian Archisotoma species, contributing to biodiversity documentation in this unique marine environment.
Distribution and growth rates of immature hawksbill turtles Eretmochelys imbricata in Fernando de Noronha, Brazil
A 31-year mark-recapture study of juvenile hawksbill turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) in the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Brazil, revealed critical insights into their growth rates and demographic parameters. Turtles exhibited site fidelity within the archipelago, with a median minimum residence time of 3.2 years and some individuals remaining for up to 14 years. Growth rates averaged 3.4 cm per year, decreasing monotonically with size, suggesting that turtles require approximately 14-18 years to reach minimum adult breeding size (~74 cm CCL). This long-term study provides essential data for the conservation of this endangered species, highlighting the importance of neritic foraging grounds in their life history.
Old World vagrants on Fernando de Noronha, including two additions to the Brazilian avifauna, and predictions for potential future Palearctic vagrants
Researchers have identified two new vagrant bird species for the Brazilian avifauna, including the first South American record of the Common Cuckoo (Cuculus canorus), a Palearctic migrant. The study, focusing on Fernando de Noronha and Atol das Rocas Reserves in Brazil, highlights the archipelago's significance as a hotspot for transatlantic vagrants, primarily from the Palearctic and African regions. By compiling records of approximately 50 Palearctic species documented from mid-Atlantic islands, the Caribbean, Trinidad & Tobago, or other South American countries, the study predicts potential future vagrant species to Brazil, particularly with improved ornithological coverage in these areas.
Two Palearctic herons on Fernando de Noronha, Brazil
A rare sighting of the Purple Heron (Ardea purpurea) marks the first documented record of this Palearctic species in Brazil, while a solitary Little Egret (Egretta garzetta) adds to the second known occurrence on Fernando de Noronha. These observations, recorded between March 2017 and March 2018, highlight the island's significance as a transient stopover for migratory herons. The study relied on field documentation, capturing brief but notable appearances of these species in a region typically dominated by Neotropical avifauna.
A historical perspective on the life cycle of a tourist activity: dolphin watching in Brazil’s Fernando de Noronha archipelago
Dolphin watching tourism in Brazil's Fernando de Noronha archipelago has stagnated alongside the overall development of the destination. This study reveals that while boat-based dolphin watching is more popular due to its capacity to accommodate three times more tourists than land-based options, the latter offers greater educational value and lower environmental impact, presenting potential for growth. The research applies the Tourism Area Life Cycle (TALC) framework to analyze the historical development of this activity, identifying key stages that shaped its trajectory. Findings indicate that both dolphin watching and the archipelago's tourism are currently in a stagnation phase, with land-based watching emerging as a viable alternative for future growth.
Isolation of Salmonella spp. in cattle egrets ( Bubulcus ibis ) from Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Brazil
A study on the Brazilian Atlantic Islands revealed that cattle egrets (Bubulcus ibis) may serve as reservoirs for Salmonella, posing risks to public health and biological diversity. Researchers isolated four serovars of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica—S. Typhimurium, S. Newport, S. Duisburg, and S. Zega—from cloacal swabs collected from 456 clinically healthy cattle egrets in Fernando de Noronha Archipelago. Additionally, one sample was identified as S. enterica O16:y:-. The findings suggest that these birds could transmit pathogens to humans, livestock, and native wildlife, highlighting the need for further monitoring and mitigation strategies.
Large-scale patterns of benthic marine communities in the Brazilian Province
Benthic marine communities in the Brazilian Province exhibit unique patterns, with richness peaking at mid-latitudes (20°S to 23°S) and defying the typical latitudinal diversity gradient. This study, the first large-scale description of its kind along the southwestern Atlantic, reveals that macroalgal abundance significantly influences community composition, overshadowing geographic region or reef type. Using standardized photographic quadrat techniques, researchers quantified percent cover data from 0° to 27°S latitude, finding low coral coverage and dominance by algal turfs and frondose macroalgae. The findings provide a baseline for macroecological comparisons and offer critical insights for conservation planning, including the spatial prioritization of marine protected areas.
Management of cats and rodents on inhabited islands: An overview and case study of Fernando de Noronha, Brazil
Successful cat and rodent eradication on uninhabited or sparsely populated islands has significantly contributed to species conservation, yet similar efforts on inhabited islands remain limited. A study analyzing Fernando de Noronha, a Brazilian oceanic island, reveals that localized control measures have historically prioritized agriculture, human livelihoods, and animal welfare over native biodiversity conservation. Challenges in inhabited-island management stem from complex social dynamics, including perceived or actual lack of resident or administrative support, differing priorities between control versus eradication, and socioeconomic factors. The study provides abundance estimates for cats and density estimates for rats on Fernando de Noronha, along with documented biodiversity impacts, to inform future conservation strategies. Addressing these barriers is critical to preventing further decline and extinction of island fauna.
Spatial sedimentary distribution, seasonality and the characteristics of organic matter on Fernando de Noronha insular shelf
A study of the Fernando de Noronha archipelago reveals that sediment distribution on its northern insular shelf shows no seasonal variation but exhibits spatial heterogeneity, influenced by bottom morphology, sediment sources, and wave action. The sediments are predominantly calcareous fine sands (CaCO3 ≈ 88.3%) with low organic matter content (TOC < 4.29%, TP < 0.44 µmol/g), primarily of marine origin (δ13C ≈ -22.17%PDB). However, some stations show relative enrichment in organic matter (TOC > 3.0%; TN > 0.4%) linked to anthropogenic impacts and local biotic/abiotic processes, with mixed isotopic signatures (δ13C = -24.5 to -23.0%PDB). The research analyzed 19 surface sediment samples collected between December 2013 and November 2014, assessing grain size, organic matter characteristics, and geochemical ratios.
Spatio-temporal variation of planktonic decapods along the leeward coast of the Fernando de Noronha archipelago, Brazil
A study of planktonic decapods along the leeward coast of Fernando de Noronha archipelago, Brazil, revealed distinct spatio-temporal patterns in their distribution and abundance. The research identified 22 decapod taxa, with Brachyura (zoeae), Clibanarius sp., Caridea, and Callianassidae being the most abundant. Notably, larval retention was observed in the southern coastal zones, with higher abundances recorded at Baía dos Golfinhos and Cacimba do Padre compared to the northernmost station, Porto de Santo Antônio. This suggests a downstream concentration of larvae, potentially influenced by oceanographic processes. The study also highlighted characteristic annual distribution trends for hermit crab (Clibanarius sp.) larvae and burrowing shrimp (Callianassidae) larvae. Sampling was conducted using sub-surface hauls with a 300 µm mesh net at five stations over multiple months in 2013 and 2014.
Cat-rodent Toxoplasma gondii Type II-variant circulation and limited genetic diversity on the Island of Fernando de Noronha, Brazil
Research on the UNESCO-listed Fernando de Noronha Island reveals limited genetic diversity of Toxoplasma gondii, with strains primarily clustering into Type II, III, and Caribbean 1 groups. Unlike mainland Brazil, where T. gondii strains show high pathogenicity to mice and genetic variability, isolates from Fernando de Noronha—derived from cats and rodents—were non-pathogenic to outbred mice. Genetic analysis suggests recent introduction of a few founding strains, likely via imported cats, with minimal evidence of mainland-derived strain transmission. The study used 11 PCR-RFLP and 15 microsatellite markers to characterize isolates, highlighting the island's unique epidemiological profile.
Daily patterns in aerial activity by spinner dolphins in Fernando de Noronha
Spinner dolphins in Baía dos Golfinhos, Fernando de Noronha Marine National Park, exhibit distinct daily and seasonal patterns in aerial activities such as leaps, spins, and body slaps. The study found that the frequency of these behaviors increases with the number of dolphins present and peaks during the rainy season compared to the dry season. Notably, aerial activity is most pronounced from 8:00 a.m. to 8:59 a.m., regardless of seasonal variations. Researchers analyzed over 113,027 aerial events recorded across five years (2006–2010) using land-based observations, providing insights into the behavioral ecology of these marine mammals in a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Gastrointestinal parasites in feral cats and rodents from the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Brazil
A comprehensive study of gastrointestinal parasites in feral cats and rodents from the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Brazil, revealed that 100% of the samples tested positive for these pathogens. The research identified 17 genera or species, with Ancylostoma sp., Strongyloides sp., Trichuris campanula, and Toxocara cati being prevalent in feral cats, while Eimeria sp., Strongyloides sp., and Trichuris muris were more common in rodents. This finding underscores the significant risk of parasite transmission to the human population due to the presence of infected feral animals. The study highlights the complex dynamics of parasitic infections in insular regions, where confined populations of hosts and parasites coexist, and emphasizes the need for further research to address knowledge gaps in this area.
The xeric side of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest: The forces shaping phylogeographic structure of cacti
A phylogeographic study of three cactus taxa in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (BAF) reveals distinct population groups shaped by historical climatic and sea-level changes. The research identifies four allopatric population groups with divergence initiated during the middle Pleistocene, suggesting peripatric speciation for Cereus insularis on Fernando de Noronha archipelago. Genetic diversity was strongly influenced by initial south-to-north colonization followed by fragmentation, likely driven by neotectonic activity and environmental shifts. The study used nuclear and plastid gene data to analyze population structure, phylogenetic relationships, and biogeographic patterns across xeric habitats, including Inselbergs, Restinga forests, and rocky shores.
Artisanal fishery off Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (PE)
Artisanal fishing in the UNESCO-listed Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Brazil, serves as both a vital economic activity and a protein source for local communities. A study of 62 fishermen revealed that while this practice is essential for livelihoods, it also poses significant conservation conflicts due to its dependence on natural resources. The 'corrico' fishing gear, noted for its low environmental impact, is predominantly used, targeting species like yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) and black jack (Caranx lugubris). However, the shift towards larger vessels and tourism-related activities highlights growing pressures on marine ecosystems. The research underscores the urgent need for a shared management plan to balance economic needs with sustainability, ensuring the preservation of this fragile archipelago's biodiversity.
Biogeography of Brazilian prosobranch gastropods and their Atlantic relationships
Research identifies four distinct biogeographical regions along the Brazilian coast based on prosobranch gastropod distributions, revealing gradual latitudinal variation in marine assemblages. The study proposes the Guyanese Province (Amapá), North-eastern Brazil Area (Amazon to Bahia), South-eastern Brazil Area (Bahia to Santa Catarina), and Argentinian Province (Rio Grande do Sul). Coastal regions host richer gastropod diversity than oceanic islands, which exhibit unique species compositions while sharing some with other environments. The analysis used secondary data and collection records, applying Sørensen, Simpson, and Ochiai similarity indices alongside ordination techniques to map faunal relationships across the Western Atlantic.
Brazilian coral reefs in a period of global change: A synthesis
Brazilian coral reefs exhibit unique structures and compositions distinct from global models, featuring mushroom-shaped pinnacles ('chapeirões') built by low-diversity yet endemic coral species, many of which are relic forms from the Tertiary. These reefs, distributed across four major sectors along Brazil's coast—northern, northeastern, eastern regions, and oceanic islands—are surrounded by siliciclastic sediments and include bank reefs, fringing reefs, isolated pinnacles, and an atoll. While global coral bleaching events have impacted other reefs, Brazilian reefs showed no mass mortality during the 2010 warming event. However, human activities, such as sedimentation from deforestation and effluent discharge, pose significant threats, particularly near rapidly growing urban centers and expanding tourism zones.
Community structure of reef fishes in shallow waters of the Fernando de Noronha archipelago: effects of different levels of environmental protection
A study comparing shallow reef-area fish communities in Fernando de Noronha archipelago, Brazil, found that no-take marine protected areas (MPAs) significantly enhance fish diversity, richness, density of larger species, and biomass—nearly double that of regular MPAs. The research analyzed 140 visual censuses across seven sites with varying protection levels, recording 50 species from 27 families. Differences in ichthyofauna were primarily attributed to protection intensity rather than habitat structure, suggesting the National Marine Park of Fernando de Noronha effectively sustains healthy and diverse fish communities. This underscores the critical role of stringent MPA management in conserving marine biodiversity.
Risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii infection in sheep and cattle from Fernando de Noronha Island, Brazil
A study on Fernando de Noronha Island, Brazil, revealed significantly higher prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in sheep (85.0%) compared to cattle (10.7%), highlighting distinct risk factors for each species. For sheep, contact with felines emerged as a critical risk factor, while cattle showed higher infection rates linked to extensive farming systems, water sources, the presence of more than three cats per farm, and rat infestation in feed storage areas. The research employed indirect immunofluorescence assays on serum samples from all animals across farms, followed by univariate analysis and logistic regression to identify these factors. This study underscores the impact of environmental and management practices on Toxoplasma gondii transmission in insular ruminant populations.
Scaphopoda (Mollusca) of Fernando de Noronha - Pernambuco and Atol das Rocas - Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
A new study expands the known distribution of several Scaphopoda species, including Graptacme perlonga, Fustiaria liodon, and Polyschides tetraschistus, in Brazil's oceanic islands. Researchers documented eight Dentaliidae species—seven for the first time in Fernando de Noronha—and three additional species (Fustiaridae and Gadilidae) in Atol das Rocas. The findings highlight the biodiversity of these UNESCO-listed marine reserves, with collections spanning 1990–2002 from beaches (Fernando de Noronha) and depths of 0–45 meters (Atol das Rocas). This study contributes critical baseline data for conservation efforts in these fragile ecosystems.
Spatial-Temporal Variability of the Thermohaline Properties in the Coastal Region of Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Brazil
A study of the coastal region of Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Brazil, reveals distinct seasonal patterns in thermohaline properties. During the rainy season, surface water temperatures rise while salinity decreases, with spatial homogeneity observed across the archipelago. Nutrient concentrations also show seasonal uniformity, suggesting a stable tropical marine mass influences the region's waters. Researchers conducted four campaigns between 2013 and 2014, collecting data at five stations during both wet and dry seasons to analyze these patterns. This findings contribute to understanding the chemical and biological processes active in this UNESCO-listed area.
Vector Surveillance for Dengue Virus Detection in the Archipelago of Fernando de Noronha, Brazil
A study conducted in the Brazilian Atlantic Islands of Fernando de Noronha and Atol das Rocas revealed that the minimum infection rate (MIR) for dengue virus (DENV) in mosquito samples was significantly higher when using the NS1-Ag detection method, with an MIR of 9.18 when considering all pools and 17.54 for pools with RNA integrity. This suggests that NS1-Ag detection is the most sensitive method for DENV surveillance in mosquitoes, especially where serotype identification is not required. The research, conducted between 2011 and 2012, also highlighted the importance of constant entomological surveillance in the region due to the continuous threat of dengue or other arbovirus epidemics. The study emphasized the need for improved storage and transportation protocols for mosquito samples and the inclusion of endogenous controls in RT-PCR to avoid false-negative results.
Chemical Element Concentrations in the Blood of Green Turtles (Chelonia Mydas) Captured at Fernando De Noronha Marine National Park, Brazil
Research reveals alarmingly high serum levels of certain chemical elements in green turtles (Chelonia mydas) from Fernando de Noronha Marine National Park, Brazil, suggesting significant ocean contamination. The study analyzed 31 juvenile turtles, measuring concentrations of essential elements like calcium and selenium alongside potentially toxic metals such as lead, cadmium, and uranium. Findings indicate that some metal levels exceed minimal risk thresholds for human health, though baseline values for green turtles remain undefined, leaving their ecological impacts unclear. By correlating element concentrations with turtle size, the study hints at possible cumulative effects but underscores the need for further investigation to assess contamination risks in this UNESCO-listed marine ecosystem.
Effects of the sand tilefish Malacanthus plumieri on the structure and dynamics of a rhodolith bed in the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, tropical West Atlantic
Researchers discovered that the sand tilefish Malacanthus plumieri plays a significant role as an ecological engineer in rhodolith beds within the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago. By constructing mounds with these calcareous nodules, the fish contributes to seascape heterogeneity, supporting higher fish richness (mean = 9.4 ± SE 1.7) compared to non-mounded areas (5.5 ± SE 2.7). The study used benthic and fish assemblage assessments, along with video analysis of marked rhodoliths, to compare mounds and control areas. Findings revealed distinct benthic assemblages between the two habitats, with crustose coralline algae, Dictyota species, and sand being key contributors to this dissimilarity. The presence of these mounds is suggested as an important variable in predicting biodiversity within rhodolith beds.
First Survey of Collembola (Hexapoda: Entognatha) Fauna in Soil of Archipelago Fernando de Noronha, Brazil
A groundbreaking survey of collembola fauna in the Brazilian Atlantic Islands has uncovered 36 new species for the Fernando de Noronha archipelago, including the first records of the genus Calvatomina and subgenus Setogaster in Brazil. The study also proposes a replacement name, Collophora terrabrasilis, for a previously described species to avoid homonymy. This research significantly expands our understanding of the entognathan diversity in this UNESCO-listed marine protected area, highlighting its unique ecological significance.
Geochemistry of the alkaline volcanicsubvolcanic rocks of the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, southern Atlantic Ocean
The Fernando de Noronha Archipelago exhibits two distinct volcanic units separated by a significant time gap and erosion surface. The older Remédios Formation (8–12 million years ago) consists of alkaline rocks with both sodic and potassic sequences, showing continuous geochemical trends indicative of crystal fractionation, while the younger Quixaba Formation (1–3 million years ago) comprises primitive, undersaturated sodic rocks. Geological, stratigraphic, petrographic, and geochemical evidence suggests these islands originated from intermittent melting of an enriched mantle, unrelated to asthenospheric plume activity. This study deciphers the archipelago's volcanic evolution through detailed petrological and geochemical analysis.
Hybrid Energy Scenarios for Fernando de Noronha archipelago
A hybrid energy solution with 67% renewable energy participation was found feasible for Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, demonstrating the potential of integrating wind and solar power into local electricity supply. The study evaluated various scenarios using HOMER Software, considering different sizes and quantities of energy components while accounting for resource availability variations. Additionally, it assessed the impact of transitioning from combustion to electric vehicle fleets on the island's energy system.
Island intersections: Music and tourism on Fernando de Noronha, Brazil
On Fernando de Noronha, Brazil, tourism drives the island's economy but also creates a musical conundrum for local musicians. While the self-contained environment fosters versatility and rewards musical talent, it simultaneously stifles the development of original music due to the industry's preference for 'covers.' This study reveals complex interconnections between tourism and musical practices, highlighting how genre selection, live performance, and recorded music are influenced by external demands. Field research conducted in 2012 and 2014 traced these patterns, exposing a tension where musicians struggle to balance authenticity with the expectations of a tourism-driven market.
Caracterização de vertissolos da ilha de Fernando de Noronha, Pernambuco
Vertisols on Fernando de Noronha Island exhibit unique characteristics shaped by volcanic parent material, tropical maritime climate, and undulating terrain. These soils, classified as Vertissolo Háplico with variations in salinity and sodicity, display typical vertisol features such as slickensides, high clay content (argilosa to muito argilosa), and poor drainage leading to temporary flooding during the rainy season. Despite their potential for agricultural or geotechnical use, these soils face significant challenges due to salt accumulation, which limits their practical applications. Mineralogically, they are dominated by smectite in the clay fraction and hematite, goethite, and rare minerals like crandalita in the silt fraction. The study characterized three soil profiles (P01, P02, P03) using morphological, physical, chemical, and mineralogical analyses to better understand their attributes for environmental preservation and sustainable use.
Concession in tourism services and partnerships in the Marine National Park of Fernando de Noronha, Brazil
A public-private partnership model for tourism services in Brazil's Marine National Park of Fernando de Noronha demonstrates significant potential for sustainable management. The study, the first to analyze such a concession in an insular protected area, found that it improved infrastructure, tourist services, and local employment while maintaining ecological goals. Researchers conducted interviews and field observations between 2012 and 2013, revealing a robust network of government, businesses, and organizations collaborating through formal agreements and the park's Advisory Council. While environmental impact data was limited due to unavailable reports, the model shows promise for balancing tourism development with biodiversity conservation in UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
Desempenho de Diferentes Métodos de Estimativa da Evapotranspiração de Referência para Fernando de Noronha
A study evaluating the performance of different methods for estimating reference evapotranspiration (ETo) in Fernando de Noronha, Brazil, found that the Hargreaves method was the most reliable and consistent for daily estimates. The research compared several methods against the standard FAO-Penman-Monteith approach, assessing accuracy using correlation coefficients, mean squared error, index of agreement, and coefficient of performance. While the Hargreaves & Samani (1985) and Camargo (1971) methods performed poorly, the Jesen-Haise (1963) and Priestley-Taylor (1972) methods showed average performance for daily estimates. Notably, the Priestley-Taylor and Hargreaves methods were deemed suitable for estimating accumulated ETo over ten-day periods. This study highlights the importance of accurate evapotranspiration estimation in water management and biodiversity conservation, particularly in semiarid climates like those found in Fernando de Noronha.
Spatial and nycthemeral distribution of the zooneuston off Fernando de Noronha, Brazil
Island environments, such as Fernando de Noronha and Atol das Rocas in Brazil, significantly alter ocean hydrodynamics, leading to increased vertical turbulence and nutrient upwelling. This phenomenon boosts plankton biomass, particularly zooneuston communities. A study revealed that both density and biomass of zooneuston were significantly higher at night and in the upper neuston layer (epineuston) compared to the lower layer (hyponeuston). The research, conducted using a David-Hempel neuston net with a 500 µm mesh size, recorded 21 taxa, including Copepoda, Chaetognatha, Teleostei eggs, and Hydrozoa. Notably, this study documented phoronid larvae for the first time in the Tropical Atlantic waters. The findings suggest that zooneuston aggregation at the surface and vertical migration from deep waters at night contribute to these patterns.
The role of environmental education in changing school students’ percep- tions of and attitudes toward coral reefs in the Fernando de Noronha Ar- chipelago, Brazil
A significant shift in school students' perceptions and attitudes toward coral reef conservation was observed after targeted environmental education interventions at Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Brazil. The study found that approximately 25% more students expressed willingness to participate in reef conservation projects post-intervention, marking a transition from viewing corals primarily as economic resources for tourism to recognizing their intrinsic conservation value. The research employed educational activities, including the creation of a Reef Environment Museum, and used questionnaires to assess changes in knowledge and attitudes among 10-18-year-olds. It also highlighted the critical role of indirect actors, such as teachers and school personnel, in supporting these educational efforts.
The volcanic-subvolcanic rocks of the fernando de noronha archipelago, southern atlantic ocean: Mineral chemistry
Fernando de Noronha Archipelago exhibits a diverse volcanic and subvolcanic rock composition characterized by two distinct alkaline series: sodic (undersaturated) and potassic (mildly undersaturated to silicic). The study reveals the presence of unique mineral assemblages, including magnesium olivines, melilites, clinopyroxenes ranging from salites to aegirines, amphiboles, dark micas with high BaO content, and feldspars such as calcic plagioclases, sanidines, and anorthoclases. Nephelinites and basanites with mantle xenoliths are also notable. The research employs mineral chemistry analysis to elucidate the geological processes shaping these rocks, providing insights into their petrogenesis and the complex volcanic history of the archipelago.
Aplicação do Tourism Ecological Footprint Method para avaliação dos Impactos Ambientais do Turismo em Ilhas: um estudo em Fernando de Noronha
Tourism in Fernando de Noronha, Brazil, generates a significant ecological deficit of 26.7548 global hectares, indicating substantial environmental impacts despite its economic and conservation benefits. The study applied the Tourism Ecological Footprint Method to assess these impacts using secondary data analysis. Findings highlight the need for urgent measures, such as transitioning to renewable energy sources and raising tourist awareness about resource conservation, to mitigate negative effects on this UNESCO-listed archipelago.
Blood parasites in noddies and boobies from Brazilian offshore islands – differences between species and influence of nesting habitat
A molecular screening of blood parasites in seabirds from Brazil's Atlantic Ocean islands revealed distinct infection patterns between noddy and booby species, with Haemoproteus infecting brown noddies at low prevalence and Babesia primarily affecting juvenile masked boobies. Ground-nesting species exhibited higher parasite exposure compared to tree-nesting counterparts, suggesting nesting habitat influences vector exposure. The study highlights the need for broader datasets to understand blood parasite prevalence in seabirds.
Chlorophyll a and nutrient distribution around seamounts and islands of the tropical south-western Atlantic
Research around the seamounts and islands of north-eastern Brazil, including UNESCO World Heritage Sites such as Fernando de Noronha, reveals that topography interacts with oceanic flows to create highly patchy distributions of chlorophyll a and inorganic nutrients. The study, conducted during large-scale surveys in 1997 and 1998, found significant variability in nutrient concentrations—ranging from undetectable levels to peaks of 17.52 µm L⁻¹ for silicon, 10.02 µm L⁻¹ for nitrate, and 3.91 µg L⁻¹ for chlorophyll a. Notably, 1998 showed more uniform nutrient distributions with lower chlorophyll a and higher phosphate concentrations compared to 1997. The findings also highlight an inverse linear relationship between nutrients (nitrite and nitrate) with temperature and salinity, alongside an exponential decay relationship with chlorophyll a, suggesting complex thermohaline interactions shaping marine productivity in these tropical regions.
Geochronology (Ar/Ar and K–Ar) of the South Atlantic post-break-up magmatism
New geochronological data reveal an asymmetrical magmatic evolution between the African and Brazilian margins during the South Atlantic Ocean opening. While both sides experienced significant post-break-up magmatism, the Brazilian margin shows a higher concentration of pre- and post-break-up volcanic activity, likely due to dynamic shifts in spreading centers and mantle plume activity. The study integrates existing geological data with Ar/Ar and K–Ar dating techniques, highlighting key magmatic events such as the Cabo Granite (104 Ma) in NE Brazil, the SE Brazilian alkaline trend (87–64 Ma), and volcanic islands like Fernando de Noronha (12–1.5 Ma). These findings provide critical insights into the tectonic processes shaping the South Atlantic margins.
Pronounced Particularity: A Comparison of Governance Structures on Lord Howe Island and Fernando de Noronha
Governance structures on oceanic islands with UNESCO World Heritage status significantly influence local socioeconomic outcomes, despite similarities in natural attributes and official recognition. A comparative analysis of Lord Howe Island (Australia) and Fernando de Noronha (Brazil) reveals distinct approaches to tourism and heritage management that yield divergent community impacts. The study highlights how governance models—rooted in historical and contemporary contexts—shape daily life, economic activities, and sustainability practices. While both islands face comparable challenges, their differing strategies underscore the need for tailored mechanisms to balance conservation with local engagement, offering lessons for sustainable island governance.
Spider Diversity on the Oceanic Island of Fernando De Noronha, Brazil, and Implications for Species Conservation
A survey of spider diversity on Fernando de Noronha, Brazil, reveals 44 species, including 10 likely native ones and 42 newly recorded for the archipelago. Theridiidae and Salticidae were the most diverse families, while an unidentified Lycosidae species dominated in abundance (17%). Non-native spiders thrived near human settlements, suggesting establishment due to human activity. The study highlights the impact of tourism on native biodiversity, with urban areas showing higher diversity indices than preserved zones. Sampling was conducted using pitfall traps, beating sheets, and active collection during dry and rainy seasons.
Apolar Compounds in Seaweeds from Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Northeastern Coast of Brazil)
A study analyzing apolar compounds in seaweeds from the UNESCO World Heritage-listed Fernando de Noronha Archipelago reveals that the fatty acid profiles of eleven species are typical of warm-region seaweeds, with no unique taxonomic indicators detected. The research employed hyphenated gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to identify common compounds like phytol and fatty acids (e.g., 14:0, 16:0, 20:5), suggesting these algae could serve as comparative models for studying pollution impacts in less pristine areas due to their widespread presence and the archipelago's minimal human influence. This finding underscores the potential of such studies to assess environmental changes while highlighting the lack of species-specific biomarkers in this context.
Assessment of Water Quality in Coastal Waters of Fernando de Noronha, Brazil: Biomarker Analyses in Amphistegina Lessonii
A study assessing water quality in the coastal waters of Fernando de Noronha, Brazil, revealed that populations of the symbiont-bearing foraminifer Amphistegina lessonii exhibited significant biomarkers of stress outside the Fernando de Noronha National Marine Park (FNNMP). Higher bleaching frequencies (up to 25%), lower antioxidant capacity, and elevated levels of lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation were observed in individuals from non-protected sites, correlating with high concentrations of zinc, copper, and lead. In contrast, foraminifers within the FNNMP showed minimal stress indicators (<2% bleaching) and stronger antioxidant defenses. The research demonstrates that biomarkers in A. lessonii can serve as reliable ecological indicators for water quality, effectively identifying impacted areas and underlying causes of environmental stress.
Green turtle ( Chelonia mydas ) nesting on Atol das Rocas, north-eastern Brazil, 1990–2008
A significant decline in the carapace length of nesting green turtles (Chelonia mydas) was observed at Atol das Rocas, Brazil, from 1990 to 2008. The study found that the mean curved carapace length decreased from 115.9 cm in the early years (1990–1992) to 112.9 cm by the end of the study period (2006–2008). Despite this trend, nesting levels remained stable, with an average of 335 nests per year (excluding data from 1998–1999 due to lack of monitoring). The research, conducted over 17 seasons, also reported key reproductive metrics such as clutch size, hatching success, and incubation period. Atol das Rocas, a protected federal reserve since 1979, saw the cessation of turtle killing in 1990, allowing undisturbed nesting and incubation. The study highlights the importance of long-term monitoring in understanding population dynamics even within protected areas.
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Domestic and Wild Animals From the Fernando de Noronha, Brazil
A comprehensive study on the Brazilian Atlantic Island of Fernando de Noronha revealed a widespread endemic infection of Toxoplasma gondii among both domestic and wild animals, with seroprevalence rates ranging from 3% to 81.8% across various species. The research, conducted between 2007 and 2010, analyzed blood samples from 764 animals, including chickens (80%), cattle (3%), sheep (60.8%), goats (81.8%), horses (43.7%), cats (59.3%), dogs (39.6%), black rats (38.2%), and cattle egrets (79.7%). The findings highlight the archipelago's role as a significant reservoir for this zoonotic parasite, posing potential risks to both local wildlife and human health.
When Basking Is Not an Option: Thermoregulation of a Viperid Snake Endemic to a Small Island in the South Atlantic of Brazil
A critically endangered Neotropical viper, the Golden Lancehead (Bothrops insularis), exhibits unique thermoregulatory strategies on Queimada Grande Island, Brazil. Contrary to expectations for tropical species, its body temperature is largely influenced by environmental variables, particularly air temperature, with some dependence on biotic factors like body size. Unlike many squamates, it avoids basking in open areas, likely due to foraging constraints and increased risks of predation or dehydration. The study found that while thermoregulatory effort was generally lower than expected for tropical species, seasonal declines in habitat thermal quality were compensated by increased effectiveness in thermoregulation, suggesting adaptive behavioral adjustments.
Atol das Rocas: an oasis for Octopus insularis juveniles (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae)
Atol das Rocas Biological Reserve serves as a critical oasis for juvenile Octopus insularis, with the highest population density recorded at 0.30 individuals per 100 m² in the Mapas area. This study reveals that O. insularis exhibits a strong preference for rocky substrates and small crabs, accounting for 70.5% of its diet, including species like Xanthodius denticulatus (38.5%) and Microphrys bicornutus (18.5%). The research employed visual censuses in fixed quadrants to analyze den characteristics, octopus size, substrate types, and food remains, identifying 454 prey items across 22 taxa. These findings underscore the specialized predatory behavior of O. insularis and highlight the ecological significance of Atol das Rocas for the development of this cephalopod species in northeastern Brazil.
Dynamics of fish assemblages on a continuous rocky reef and adjacent unconsolidated habitats at Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, tropical western Atlantic
A study on the Brazilian Atlantic Islands revealed that species richness of reef fish assemblages is significantly influenced by topographical complexity and the percent cover of algae, excluding coralline algae. This research, conducted at Fernando de Noronha Archipelago in the tropical western Atlantic, used underwater techniques to assess both fish numbers and microhabitat variables such as depth, rugosity, crevice number, and benthic organism coverage. The findings indicate that higher species richness was observed on consolidated substrata during both sampling periods (May and October), while fish abundance showed no significant spatial variation. The study highlights the importance of assessing multiple microhabitat variables to understand their relative influence on reef fish assemblages, contributing valuable insights to the understudied South Atlantic region.
Heavy metal concentrations in soils from a remote oceanic island, Fernando de Noronha, Brazil
Soil heavy metal concentrations on Fernando de Noronha, Brazil, are primarily influenced by the geochemical composition of parent volcanic rocks, with pedogenesis driving the accumulation of zinc (Zn), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), and copper (Cu) in upper soil horizons. Mercury (Hg) appears to originate from long-range atmospheric transport, facilitated by organic matter complexation. The study analyzed 43 soil samples from five profiles, revealing that clay minerals do not significantly bind heavy metals. This research highlights the interplay between geological and pedogenic factors in shaping metal distributions on remote oceanic islands.
Island beaches morphological and sedimentary short term variations – the case of SE Fernando de Noronha Island, South Atlantic, Brazil
A study on the Brazilian Atlantic Islands, specifically Fernando de Noronha and Atol das Rocas Reserves, reveals significant short-term variations in beach morphology and sediment composition. The research highlights the influence of geological structures, such as hotspots and fracture zones, on the formation and evolution of these oceanic islands. It synthesizes modern knowledge about their geology, including chemical and mineralogical characteristics of their rocks, and suggests that hotspot activity played a crucial role in shaping volcanic chains and island formations. The study also compares Fernando de Noronha with other Brazilian archipelagos like Martin Vaz and São Pedro e São Paulo, emphasizing the unique geological processes at work. The research approach involves detailed analysis of sedimentary and morphological data to understand these dynamic changes over short periods.
Long Distance Dispersal and Connectivity in Amphi-Atlantic Corals at Regional and Basin Scales
Research reveals significant barriers to coral gene flow across the Atlantic, with regional differentiation among Caribbean, Brazilian, and West African populations. Extrinsic factors like the Amazon freshwater plume or vast open ocean stretches restrict long-distance dispersal of coral larvae, shaping both evolutionary and ecological dynamics. Within regions, broadcasting species such as Siderastrea siderea and Montastraea cavernosa maintain gene flow over 1,200 km along Brazil's coast, while brooding species like Favia gravida and Siderastrea radians exhibit more limited connectivity. The study used DNA sequence data from two nuclear markers across six coral species to assess connectivity patterns, highlighting the influence of reproduction strategies on dispersal ability.
Population Structure and Growth of Young Lemon Shark, Negaprion brevirostris (Poey, 1868), at the Atol das Rocas Biological Reserve, Brazil
Young lemon sharks (Negaprion brevirostris) at the Atol das Rocas Biological Reserve exhibit rapid growth, with males and females increasing in total length by approximately 12.4 cm/year and 12.7 cm/year, respectively. This study, conducted through 16 expeditions capturing 239 sharks using drift gill nets, also revealed a higher frequency of male sharks (53%) compared to females (47%). A subset of 73 sharks was tagged for recapture studies, providing insights into population structure and growth rates in this protected area. The research highlights the importance of monitoring shark populations in remote, ecologically significant sites like Atol das Rocas.
Ilhas oceânicas da Trindade e Fernando de Noronha, Brasil: Uma visão da Geologia Ambiental
This study highlights significant geological and environmental changes affecting the Brazilian Atlantic Islands, specifically Fernando de Noronha and Trindade. The research reveals that these islands, composed of alkaline ultrabasic to intermediate rocks and Pleistocene-Holocene sedimentary deposits, have undergone substantial erosion due to deforestation and coastal engineering projects, particularly in Fernando de Noronha's Santo Antonio port. In Trindade, erosion is primarily attributed to deforestation caused by the introduction of livestock in the 18th century. The study also identifies sea-level variations and wave climate changes as critical factors exacerbating coastal erosion. By analyzing paleodunes, beaches, alluvial deposits, algal reefs, and coral reefs, the research provides a comprehensive understanding of the geological and oceanographic processes shaping these UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
Karyological study of Amphisbaena ridleyi (Squamata, Amphisbaenidae), an endemic species of the Archipelago of Fernando de Noronha, Pernambuco, Brazil
A karyological study of Amphisbaena ridleyi, an endemic amphisbaenian species from the UNESCO-listed Brazilian Atlantic Islands, reveals its diploid chromosome number is 46, comprising nine pairs of macrochromosomes (including metacentrics, subtelocentrics, and acrocentrics) and 14 pairs of microchromosomes. Ag-NOR staining identified active nucleolar organizer regions in the telomeric region of chromosome 2, while FISH with a telomeric probe confirmed telomeric signals across all chromosomes. This study provides foundational cytogenetic data for A. ridleyi, highlighting its unique chromosomal structure and suggesting evolutionary distinctiveness within amphisbaenians. Further research is needed to contextualize these findings within broader phylogenetic frameworks of the clade.
New species of Oochoristica (Cestoda; Linstowiidae) and other endoparasites of Trachylepis atlantica (Sauria: Scincidae) from Fernando de Noronha Island, Brazil
Researchers have identified a new species of tapeworm, Oochoristica noronhae, parasitic to the lizard Trachylepis atlantica on Fernando de Noronha Island, Brazil. This discovery, published in Zootaxa, represents the 88th species in the genus and the 14th from the Neotropical region. The new species is distinguished by its circular suckers and fewer than 30 testes per proglottid, with ovarian lobes containing 8–10 lobules. Additionally, the study documented other endoparasites, including two nematode species, a pentastomid, and an acanthocephalan cystacanth, highlighting the rich parasitic biodiversity associated with this lizard on the island.
New Toxoplasma gondii Genotypes Isolated from Free-Range Chickens from the Fernando de Noronha, Brazil: Unexpected Findings
Researchers identified six unique genotypes of Toxoplasma gondii, including four new chicken-specific genotypes (#59–#62), from free-range chickens on Fernando de Noronha, Brazil. Unlike other Brazilian isolates, none were pathogenic to mice, and Type II—rare in Brazil—was present alongside clonal Type III, common in Europe and North America. The study used the modified agglutination test (MAT) to screen 50 chickens for antibodies and bioassayed seropositive hearts in mice to isolate T. gondii. Genotyping via restricted fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) revealed unexpected genetic diversity, suggesting Fernando de Noronha harbors both unique and globally distributed T. gondii strains.
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