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Showing 15781 – 15800 of 15962 publications

Structural assessment of Mount Etna volcano from Permanent Scatterers analysis

Mount Etna — 2011 — WHE8856D0B680

A comprehensive kinematic model of Mount Etna's deformation reveals significant gravitational reorganization of its unstable flanks, particularly on the southern side. This study utilized the Permanent Scatterers (PS) technique from 1995 to 2000, combining interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data with GPS measurements to achieve millimeter-precision ground velocity mapping. The analysis identified a wide inflation of the western and northern flanks over 350 km², alongside a seaward motion on the eastern and southern sides. Notably, it detected previously unrecognized features and extended the known extent of others, attributing the observed velocity field to both gravitational forces and strong subsidence of the adjacent continental margin. This research advances understanding of Etna's structural dynamics, offering critical insights for hazard assessment in densely populated areas.

Sustainable architectural conservation according to traditions of Islamicwaqf: the World Heritage–listed Stone Town of Zanzibar

Stone Town of Zanzibar — 2011 — WHEBB5B6A2EF2

The tradition of Islamic waqf in Zanzibar's Stone Town offers a sustainable model for architectural conservation, balancing heritage preservation with urban use. This study reveals that waqf buildings have survived centuries without significant decay, suggesting inherent sustainability 'genes' within the tradition. By examining financial, social, managerial, and environmental aspects, researchers found that waqf effectively prevents gentrification while enabling collective urban conservation. The findings highlight that sustainable heritage practices require monetary sacrifices but can be long-lasting if embedded in cultural traditions.

Sustainable heritage tourism marketing and Canada's Rideau Canal world heritage site

Rideau Canal — 2011 — WHEF9F0B0854A

A significant gap exists between the components of sustainable heritage tourism marketing models and actual marketing activities at UNESCO World Heritage Sites, such as Canada's Rideau Canal. This discrepancy, alongside mixed findings from other studies, highlights a core challenge: short-term thinking in marketing strategies, which conflicts with the long-term investments required for sustainability. The research employs a case study approach to test a proposed sustainable heritage tourism marketing model, offering a framework that can guide more effective and sustainable marketing practices at the Rideau Canal and similar global sites.

Terminal Ordovician carbon isotope stratigraphy and glacioeustatic sea-level change across Anticosti Island (Quebec, Canada)

Anticosti — 2011 — WHEC8F8CA8E4F

A detailed carbon isotope analysis of Ordovician-Silurian boundary strata on Anticosti Island, Quebec, reveals that the Hirnantian positive carbon isotope excursion—characteristic of global records—peaks at ~4.5‰ in carbonate rocks. This excursion, coupled with glacioeustatic sea-level fluctuations, suggests that sea-level drawdown and subsequent rise were not perfectly synchronized with the isotopic shift. The study proposes that the entire Hirnantian Stage on Anticosti is confined to the Laframboise and lower Fox Point Members, supported by a combined litho- and chemostratigraphic approach. Discontinuities in the isotope curve across proximal-to-distal transects further indicate diachroneity in sedimentary deposits, with oncolite beds transgressing westward while Becscie limestones prograded eastward. The findings align with the 'weathering' hypothesis for the Hirnantian carbon isotope excursion, providing insights into terminal Ordovician climate dynamics.

The Abbey Church at Vézelay and the Cult of Mary Magdalene: “invitation to a journey of discovery”

Vézelay, Church and Hill — 2011 — WHEB48DBFCEF5

A distinguished collection of essays, honoring architectural historian Paul Crossley, sheds new light on the Abbey Church at Vézelay and its significance within the medieval cult of Mary Magdalene. The volume integrates recent discoveries, fresh interpretations, and critical debates, offering profound insights into the cultural and religious landscape of the Middle Ages. By analyzing the church's architecture, liturgy, and symbolic elements, scholars from the U.S. and Europe provide a nuanced understanding of its role in medieval devotion and memory. This work serves as both a tribute to Crossley's scholarly breadth and a valuable resource for contemporary medieval studies.

The biodiversity of subaerophytic phototrophic biofilms from Maltese hypogea.

Ħal Saflieni Hypogeum — 2011 — WHEC8CDCB7C97

Research reveals that subaerial phototrophic biofilms in Maltese hypogea, particularly within the Ħal Saflieni Hypogeum and other catacombs, are dominated by non-heterocytous (Oscillatorialean) cyanobacteria. These microorganisms exhibit cytomorphological and genetic similarities to those found in Mediterranean caves and catacombs, suggesting a widespread distribution of related biofilm communities in such environments. The study employed advanced microscopy techniques, including light microscopy, epifluorescent microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), alongside 16S rRNA gene sequencing to isolate and characterize cyanobacterial, microalgal, and chemoorganotrophic bacterial strains. Phylogenetic analyses further confirmed the relatedness of these microorganisms to those in other Mediterranean lithic surfaces.

The Extra-urban Cultural District: An Emerging Local Production System: Three Italian Case Studies

Val d'Orcia — 2011 — WHE3E4DD63862

Research identifies three key levers—cultural heritage, natural amenities, and local governance—that drive the success of extra-urban cultural districts (E-UCDs). Unlike urban clusters, E-UCDs thrive by leveraging rural landscapes and traditions, offering a model for sustainable development. The study analyzes three Italian case studies: Cinque Terre, Val d'Orcia, and Ravello, combining theoretical frameworks with empirical data to demonstrate how these levers interact in practice. Findings highlight the potential of E-UCDs as tools for rural revitalization, bridging cultural valorization with economic growth.

The Impact of Neoliberal Policies on Historic Urban Space: Areas of Urban Renewal in Istanbul

Historic Areas of Istanbul — 2011 — WHE11912A19EB

Neoliberal urban renewal policies in Istanbul have significantly altered historic urban spaces, prioritizing private capital accumulation over the preservation of cultural heritage and local livelihoods. The 2005 Law on Renewal, which designates areas for redevelopment, has been implemented through four case studies—Sulukule, Tarlabasi, Suleymaniye, and Fener-Balat—revealing how municipalities leverage this framework to dismantle historic housing as 'common public assets.' This shift undermines both local economies and the cultural capital of communities, challenging traditional notions of urban space ownership. The study critically analyzes these processes, highlighting the tension between state-authorized redevelopment and the preservation of Istanbul's historic identity.

The impact on native herpetofauna due to traffic collision at the interface between a suburban area and the Greater Blue Mountains World Heritage Area: an ecological disaster?

Greater Blue Mountains Area — 2011 — WHEBC600BB8C9

A seven-year survey of suburban streets in Faulconbridge, at the interface between urban areas and the Greater Blue Mountains World Heritage Area, revealed significant herpetofauna mortality due to vehicle collisions. Over 86 reptiles representing 20 species—38% of local lizards and 56% of snakes—and six frog species (33% of local frogs) were documented as road kills, highlighting a substantial ecological impact on native fauna. The study, conducted from 2003 to 2010, involved weekly foot surveys along 1.4 km of suburban roads, typically soon after dawn. With 26 towns within the World Heritage Area and extensive road networks interfacing with national parks, the findings underscore the broader threat to biodiversity in such ecologically sensitive zones.

The impacts of tourism at a UNESCO heritage site in China – a need for a meta-narrative? The case of the Kaiping Diaolou

Kaiping Diaolou and Villages — 2011 — WHE87AE02AFFB

Tourism at the Kaiping Diaolou, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in China, presents a unique model for sustainable development that balances economic growth with cultural preservation and agricultural continuity. Unlike other rural Chinese heritage sites, Kaiping demonstrates how tourism can foster entrepreneurial activities while maintaining traditional farming practices, creating a 'new tourism rich' class that employs others to sustain agriculture. This study, based on interviews and surveys, highlights differences in tourism impacts compared to similar sites like Hungcun and Bao Village, emphasizing the potential for glocalization as a response to globalization. It also contrasts Western and Chinese perspectives on heritage tourism, cultural change, and commodification, offering insights into holistic approaches for sustainable tourism development.

The Importance of Accounting for Atmospheric Effects in the Application of NDVI and Interpretation of Satellite Imagery Supporting Archaeological Research: The Case Studies of Palaepaphos and Nea Paphos Sites in Cyprus

Paphos — 2011 — WHE262ACDAF6A

Atmospheric correction significantly impacts NDVI values derived from satellite imagery, particularly in agricultural seasons, with relative differences reaching up to 50% if atmospheric effects are ignored. This study analyzed eleven Landsat TM/ETM+ images from 2009–2010 over archaeological and agricultural areas in Paphos, Cyprus, applying the modified Darkest Pixel (DP) algorithm for atmospheric correction. Results demonstrated that while absolute NDVI changes were small (0.06), they were statistically significant when assessed via Student’s t-test. The findings underscore the critical role of atmospheric correction in enhancing image interpretation and detecting archaeological crop marks, especially under conditions of minimal water vapor optical thickness. This research highlights a key consideration for multi-temporal satellite imagery analysis in archaeology.

The Integrated Security System of the Vatican City State

Vatican City — 2011 — WHE7CB113B218

A highly integrated, efficient, and reliable security system has been successfully designed and implemented for the Vatican City State. This system addresses critical vulnerabilities by combining advanced technologies to ensure robust state protection. The approach involved a comprehensive analysis of security needs, followed by the development and deployment of an interconnected framework that enhances operational effectiveness and resilience.

The International Court of Justice: Order on the Request for the Indication of Provisional Measures, Request for Interpretation of the Judgment of 15 June 1962 in the Case Concerning the Temple of Preah Vihear (Cambodia v. Thai.)

Temple of Preah Vihear — 2011 — WHEAB8A7AFFD0

A landmark legal case involving the UNESCO World Heritage Site, Temple of Preah Vihear, reached a significant milestone with the International Court of Justice's (ICJ) Order on Provisional Measures and Interpretation of its 1962 Judgment. The ICJ addressed Cambodia's request for provisional measures to prevent any actions that might aggravate or extend the dispute over the temple's sovereignty between Cambodia and Thailand. This case, rooted in historical claims and border disputes, underscores the role of international law in preserving cultural heritage sites. The ICJ's decision provides a framework for resolving territorial disputes while safeguarding significant archaeological and cultural landmarks.

The Joggins Fossil Cliffs UNESCO World Heritage site: a review of recent research

Joggins Fossil Cliffs — 2011 — WHE71D0692520

Recent research at the Joggins Fossil Cliffs UNESCO World Heritage Site has significantly advanced understanding of the Late Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) period, a critical interval for coal formation. The site's exceptional preservation of biota in their environmental context offers unique insights into this era. Post-1950 studies have focused on general geology, paleobiology, and paleoecology, revealing microevolutionary patterns and refining the taxonomy of flora and trace fossils. Despite these advancements, key questions remain, particularly regarding the uppermost formations (Springhill Mines and Ragged Reef), paleosols, and floral ichnofossils. The site continues to be a fertile ground for discovery, with ongoing interest in addressing unresolved issues.

The orchid flora of Cocos Island National Park, Puntarenas, Costa Rica

Cocos Island National Park — 2011 — WHE6EC50C56E0

Cocos Island National Park, a remote oceanic island off Costa Rica's Pacific coast, hosts a diverse orchid flora comprising five species within its 24 km² area. Among these, three are endemic to the island: Epidendrum cocoense, E. insulanum, and E. jimenezii, alongside Camaridium micranthum and Ornithidium adendrobium (formerly classified under Maxillaria). The study describes these species morphologically, provides analytical illustrations, and offers a field identification key based on their characteristics. It also delves into their biogeography, ecology, taxonomy, evolution, and conservation status, contributing valuable insights to the understanding of this unique island ecosystem.

The Possibility of Site Effects: The Anjar Case, following Past Earthquakes in Gujarat, India

Anjar — 2011 — WHE883F15186A

A study on the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Anjar, India, reveals significant site effects during past earthquakes in Gujarat. The research highlights that the city's topography, with its low rocky ridges and sloping areas prone to drainage, plays a crucial role in earthquake damage distribution. Observations from historical earthquakes, including the 1819 Mw 7.8 quake, show that half of Anjar suffered minimal damage due to its stable terrain, while the other half, situated on slopes leading to swamps and springs, experienced severe destruction. The study combines seismological data with geological analysis to demonstrate how local site conditions can amplify earthquake impacts, providing critical insights for seismic risk assessment in similar heritage sites.

The Roman settlement on Gamzigrad prior to the imperial palace Felix Romuliana

Gamzigrad-Romuliana, Palace of Galerius — 2011 — WHE0ACD06E5D6

Archaeological research at Gamzigrad-Romuliana has uncovered evidence of a significant Roman settlement predating the construction of Emperor Galerius' imperial palace, Felix Romuliana. Traces of earlier buildings, dating from the late 2nd to the end of the 3rd century AD, were found within the fortified residence, including a three-aisled structure south of the 'Large Temple,' a building beneath the early southern tower of the East Gate, a substantial edifice under the Galerius Baths, and another building in front of the later southern tower of the West Gate. This settlement likely functioned as a mining, metallurgical, and commercial hub (vici or civitas) in the Timok Valley during the 3rd century, providing new insights into the region's economic and social development before the imperial era.

The social and ritual context of horizon astronomical observations at Chankillo

Chankillo Archaeoastronomical Complex — 2011 — WHE04972763E9

Research at the Chankillo Archaeoastronomical Complex reveals that its Thirteen Towers function as a unique, still-operational solar observation device, marking daily sunrise and sunset positions to track the seasonal year. Beyond this, new evidence suggests broader astronomical alignments visible from publicly accessible areas, hinting at possible lunar observations alongside solar ones. The study also indicates that Chankillo's society was socially stratified, with the solar cult centered on the towers likely serving as a tool for legitimizing and consolidating power among an emerging warrior elite through ritual gatherings in a grand ceremonial setting. This finding underscores Chankillo's role not only in timekeeping but also in reinforcing social hierarchies nearly 2,000 years before similar structures emerged in imperial Cusco.

The study of larger basidiomycetes, especially polypores, in the Malesian region and the role of the Singapore Botanic Gardens

Singapore Botanic Gardens — 2011 — WHE6C1816FF5D

A comprehensive survey of larger basidiomycetes, particularly polypores, across the Malesian region reveals significant biodiversity and ecological insights. The study highlights the Singapore Botanic Gardens as a critical hub for fungal research, emphasizing its role in preserving and documenting this diverse group of fungi. Researchers employed extensive field sampling, taxonomic identification, and phylogenetic analysis to map species distribution and assess their conservation status. Key findings underscore the importance of polypores in tropical ecosystems, with implications for biodiversity conservation and mycological studies.

The sustainability of management practices in the Old City of Salamanca

Old City of Salamanca — 2011 — WHEE7F3587E20

Research reveals that the Old City of Salamanca lacks consistent management practices for preservation, putting its outstanding universal value at risk from new urban developments. The study examines the city's situation before, during, and after its nomination as a World Heritage Site, using the Auditorium project as a case example to illustrate threats to heritage integrity. It highlights the challenges in regulating development while preserving cultural significance, offering insights for local authorities to mitigate risks. This work contributes to discussions on sustainable urban development and heritage conservation, providing evidence-based guidance for similar sites globally.