Status, distribution, and threats of Himalayan Monal (Lophophorus impejanus) in Sagarmatha National Park

A population of 67 Himalayan Monals (Lophophorus impejanus), including 48 males and 19 females, was recorded in Sagarmatha National Park between February and June 2022. These birds were predominantly found in pure pine forests across five blocks—Namche, Furte, Syangboche, Mislung, and Kyangjuma—with a density of 4.69 birds/km², peaking at 7.26 birds/km² in the Namche Block. The study used line transect surveys, direct/indirect evidence (e.g., sightings, scratching marks), and Digital Elevation Models to map distribution between 3250 m and 4021 m above sea level. Key threats identified included habitat degradation, free-ranging dogs, and human disturbance.

Paudel, S., Yadav, S. K., Rokaya, B., & Mandal, M. K. (2023). Status, distribution, and threats of Himalayan Monal (Lophophorus impejanus) in Sagarmatha National Park. Banko Janakari, 33(1), 16–26. https://doi.org/10.3126/banko.v33i1.56503