Provincial Government and the Estate in Europe

A historical analysis reveals the chronic financial strain faced by the Knights Hospitaller, particularly at their key fortifications Crac des Chevaliers and Qal’at Salah El-Din (Margat), due to persistent conflicts, resource scarcity, and environmental challenges. Master Hugh Revel’s 1268 account highlights the Order's inability to sustain operations amid attacks from the sultan of Egypt, drought, and abandoned lands, underscoring a long-standing liquidity crisis despite perceived wealth. The study identifies recurring financial difficulties (1170–1310) exacerbated by climate instability, pestilence, and reduced Christian-controlled territory post-1187, challenging contemporary perceptions of the Order’s solvency.

Riley-Smith, J. (2012). Provincial Government and the Estate in Europe. The Knights Hospitaller in the Levant, c.1070–1309, 185–201. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137264756_14