The consumption, utilization and supply of sheep and goats at the late Shang Dynasty capital: a zooarchaeological study on the sheep and goat remains unearthed in the Yinxu area

A zooarchaeological study of sheep and goat remains from the late Shang Dynasty capital at Yin Xu reveals that these animals were primarily juvenile, indicating specialized husbandry for meat production. The analysis suggests that most sheep and goats consumed by residents were sourced externally, while those used in burial sacrifices also reflected a preference for younger individuals, mirroring funeral rituals that 'served the dead as they were alive.' By examining morphological identifications, NISP (Number of Identified Specimens), MNI (Minimum Number of Individuals), and ubiquities, researchers quantified mutton's dietary significance and the ratio between sheep and goats, providing insights into late Shang Dynasty subsistence practices and ritual behaviors.

Li, Z. (2012). The consumption, utilization and supply of sheep and goats at the late Shang Dynasty capital: a zooarchaeological study on the sheep and goat remains unearthed in the Yinxu area. Chinese Archaeology, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1515/char-2012-0024