Publications
A Study on the Bell of Shrines and Temples of Nikko, Japan made by Joseon in 1642
A rare 1642 bell from the Shrines and Temples of Nikko, Japan, was definitively traced to its origin as a ceremonial gift sent by Joseon (Korea) to the Edo shogunate. This discovery resolves longstanding debates about its manufacture, revealing it as part of a diplomatic exchange that included other treasures for the newly constructed Toshogu Shrine. The study analyzed historical records and stylistic elements, identifying hybrid features blending Korean and Japanese bell traditions—such as the 'Gomano-tsume' design, influenced by 14th-century Korean-Japanese hybrid bells. The bell's craftsmanship, attributed to Kim Yong-am, a prominent 17th-century bell-caster, provides valuable insight into little-documented Korean bell-making techniques of the period. Its influence is further evidenced in later Japanese bells, including the 1667 Joba-yamashi bell at Mito Toshogu.
The relationship between Shrines and Temples of Nikko and Higashimachi in tourism
Tourism experiences in Higashimachi, the traditional town adjacent to Nikko's shrines and temples, significantly enhance visitors' appreciation of the sacred landscape at Shrines and Temples of Nikko. This contrast between daily and spiritual environments fosters deeper engagement with the UNESCO World Heritage Site. The study analyzed travelogues and paintings, revealing that as transportation developed, tourist routes shortened, reducing time spent at each location but also diminishing recognition of Higashimachi's cultural elements. However, when visitors encountered numerous objects in Higashimachi, their perception of Nikko's shrines and temples improved, indicating a positive correlation between the two areas' tourism experiences.
Designing Mobile Application To Motivate Young People To Visit Cultural Heritage Sites
A mobile application leveraging Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) beacons effectively engages young people in exploring the cultural heritage of Nikko, Japan. By combining real-time information—such as historical context, maps, and local services—with interactive quizzes, the app capitalizes on psychological principles like the Zeigarnik effect to enhance learning. Trials demonstrated positive reception for basic features and improved cultural understanding among young users who utilized quiz functions. The application also facilitates community integration by providing notifications about local businesses and transportation, fostering a sense of living heritage. This innovative approach addresses challenges in traditional signage while offering scalable solutions for UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
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