Publications
Social Significance of Tombs with Boundary and Mound in Korea and Japan
Burial mounds in Korea's Mahan and Baekje regions, characterized by large structures housing multiple burials of regional chieftains, share similarities with those found in Japan. However, significant differences emerge when examining the historical context and evolution of these tombs. In Japan, from the Yayoi to Kofun periods, burial mounds developed distinct 'burial boundaries' around facilities, diversifying in types and terminology. Over time, these evolved into large kofun (ancient burial mounds), reflecting regional diversity and social roles. The study compares this process with Korean counterparts, including the Seosan Bujang-ri site, to highlight similarities and differences in tomb construction, offering insights into the social significance of these monumental structures.
X-CT Reconstruction as a Tool for Monitoring the Conservation State and Decay Processes of Works of Art and in Support of Restoration and Conservation Strategies
X-ray Computed Tomography (X-CT) emerges as a transformative tool for assessing the conservation state and decay processes of cultural heritage, including UNESCO World Heritage Sites like Japan's Mozu-Furuichi Kofun Group. This non-invasive technique allows for detailed internal analysis without altering artifacts, making it invaluable for monitoring deterioration and guiding restoration strategies. The study demonstrates its versatility through diverse case studies, from an 18th-century writing cabinet to a Roman glass fragment, and notably, presents the first µ-CT investigation of a bronze arrowhead from Japan's Kofun period (3rd century CE). By providing digital models that aid in conservation efforts, X-CT not only supports the analysis of complex artifacts but also helps track the long-term effects of time and historical events on their preservation. Its adaptability across different setups further underscores its potential as a cornerstone for heritage management.
Japanese Kofun in Maps given by a Spaceborne Digital Elevation Model based on Multiple Satellite Data Sets, for a Study about the Orientation of these Tumuli spanning from Remote Sensing to Geomancy
A significant correlation exists between the orientation of ancient Japanese Kofun (mounded tombs) and geomantic principles, particularly avoiding the northeast 'demon gate' (Kimon). Analyzing 394 Early and Middle Kofun Period tombs (3rd–5th centuries), researchers found a marked preference for southern and western orientations, with minimal representation in the northeast quadrant. This study leverages Spaceborne Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) from satellite datasets to map and assess these orientations, integrating remote sensing with traditional archaeoastronomical and geomantic interpretations. The research builds on prior work by Saito Tadashi (1950s), expanding its scope through advanced spatial analysis tools like those developed by Yamazaki et al. (2017). Findings suggest intentional alignment with cultural beliefs about auspicious directions, offering new insights into the funerary practices and cosmological understanding of ancient Japan.
Japanese Kofun in Maps given by a Spaceborne Digital Elevation Model based on Multiple Satellite Data Sets, for a Study about these Ancient Tumuli spanning from Remote Sensing to Geomancy
A study leveraging spaceborne digital elevation models (DEMs) reveals that many ancient Japanese Kofun tombs, particularly from the Early and Middle Kofun periods (3rd to 5th centuries), exhibit a strong preference for orientations facing south or west. This pattern aligns with geomantic traditions, where the northeast direction—associated with inauspiciousness and taboos—is notably underrepresented among these burial sites. The research utilizes high-resolution satellite data, including DEMs and Google Earth imagery, to analyze the spatial distribution and orientation of Kofun tumuli, providing insights into their possible astronomical or ritualistic significance. Additionally, the study explores the architectural features of keyhole-shaped tombs, which often contain dual burial chambers oriented along the tumulus's long axis, further supporting the connection between landscape positioning and funerary practices.
The Orientation of the Kofun Tombs
A groundbreaking analysis of Japan's ancient Kofun tombs reveals that their orientations are deliberately aligned with celestial events, particularly the daily arc of the Sun and Moon. Keyhole-shaped Kofun, attributed to legendary emperors, show a specific alignment toward the rising or shining Sun, suggesting a connection to solar deities central to Japanese imperial mythology. To overcome challenges like restricted access and the vast number of tombs, researchers used satellite imagery to study orientations without physical site visits. This method provides unprecedented insights into the cognitive and religious significance of these monumental structures during Japan's Kofun period (3rd–7th century AD).
A study on streetscape in harmony with Mozu-furuichi kofun group world heritage
Research on the Mozu-Furuichi Kofun Group, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Japan, reveals that streetscapes harmonious with these ancient mounded tombs are evaluated based on three key elements: regularity, naturalness, and history/culture. These elements are influenced by greenery along streets, building colors and designs, walls/fences, and pavement unity. The study used factor analysis of landscape plans to identify evaluation viewpoints and recognize elements contributing to harmony. This insight is crucial for urban planning that balances enjoyment of kofun while preserving their historical value.
Muography as a new tool to study the historic earthquakes recorded in ancient burial mounds
Researchers using muography have uncovered evidence of large-scale vertical cracks at the top of Imashirozuka burial mound, suggesting instability predating the 1596 Fushimi earthquake. These findings indicate that the mound's foundation was inherently unstable before the seismic event, which triggered a rotational landslide and subsequent collapse. The study employed bidirectional muographic measurements—a non-invasive technique—to analyze the internal structure of this UNESCO World Heritage Site, offering new insights into the impact of historic earthquakes on ancient architectural heritage.
The Emergence of Political Rulership and the State in Early Japan
The Mozu-Furuichi Kofun Group provides critical insights into the emergence of political rulership and state formation in early Japan. Research reveals that aristocratic burial customs and overseas links with Korea and China played pivotal roles in shaping the Early Kofun political ideology. Notably, this period featured a significant female component in leadership, which later diminished. The study traces the transformation of Kofun-period culture through continental immigration and highlights the influence of the Lelang Commandery on mounded burial practices. This research offers a nuanced understanding of Japan's ancient state development, blending archaeological evidence with historical analysis.
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