Multiculturalism, cosmopolitanism, and making heritage in Malaysia: a view from the historic cities of the Straits of Malacca

Malaysia's heritage narrative, particularly for its UNESCO-listed historic cities of Melaka and George Town, reflects a strategic blend of multiculturalism, cosmopolitanism, and nationalism. The study reveals how the country's Vision 2020 policy leverages these values to promote modernization while preserving cultural diversity. By analyzing the inscription process in 2008, researchers demonstrate that heritage construction involves tangible and intangible elements from Malaysia's three major ethnic groups—Malays, Chinese, and Indians—reinforcing its 'Rainbow Nation' identity. The study highlights the collaborative agency of civil society, government officials, and international experts in mobilizing these values, illustrating a dynamic interplay between nationalism, multiculturalism, and global cosmopolitan ideals.

Bideau, F. G., & Kilani, M. (2012). Multiculturalism, cosmopolitanism, and making heritage in Malaysia: a view from the historic cities of the Straits of Malacca. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 18(6), 605–623. https://doi.org/10.1080/13527258.2011.609997