Dealing with uncertainty, from overtourism to overcapacity: a decision support model for art cities: the case of UNESCO WHCC of Florence

A decision support model for art cities, exemplified by the UNESCO World Heritage Historic Centre of Florence, reveals critical insights into managing tourist flows and balancing heritage preservation with economic and social needs. The study identifies key indicators to measure carrying capacity, assessing risks posed by overtourism both before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. It highlights how the Municipality of Florence's sustainable tourism strategy addresses these challenges, offering a framework for other historic cities to monitor tourism impacts and implement effective policies. This model provides a nuanced understanding of the evolving tourism phenomenon, its implications, and strategies for long-term preservation.

Liberatore, G., Biagioni, P., Ciappei, C., & Francini, C. (2022). Dealing with uncertainty, from overtourism to overcapacity: a decision support model for art cities: the case of UNESCO WHCC of Florence. Current Issues in Tourism, 26(7), 1067–1081. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2022.2046712