Blue pigments in Cave 256, Mogao Grottoes: a systematic analysis of murals and statues in Five dynasties, Song Dynasty and Qing Dynasty

Researchers analyzing Cave 256 at the UNESCO-listed Mogao Grottoes have uncovered distinct blue pigments used across three dynasties, revealing insights into historical artistry and cultural development. The study identified lazurite in Five Dynasties murals (bottom layer) and azurite in Song Dynasty overlays, while smalt was first detected in Qing Dynasty statues, suggesting repainting during the 19th century. Non-destructive techniques—portable X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, microscopic FTIR spectroscopy, and polarizing microscopy—enabled precise pigment identification from trace samples. This discovery highlights the dynamic evolution of artistic materials and their societal significance over centuries.

Shui, B., Yu, Z., Cui, Q., Wang, Z., Yin, Z., Sun, M., & Su, B. (2022). Blue pigments in Cave 256, Mogao Grottoes: a systematic analysis of murals and statues in Five dynasties, Song Dynasty and Qing Dynasty. Heritage Science, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40494-022-00722-5