Molecular characterization of airborne fungi in caves of the Mogao Grottoes, Dunhuang, China

A year-long study of the Mogao Grottoes, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Dunhuang, China, revealed significant seasonal and spatial variations in airborne fungal communities. The research identified 11 dominant fungal genera, with Cladosporium being the most prevalent, followed by Fusarium, Penicillium, Alternaria, and Aspergillus. Fungal abundance and diversity were strongly influenced by environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and visitor activity. The study used molecular techniques—specifically ITS sequencing—to analyze samples collected monthly from four distinct cave environments (open, semi-open, closed, and entrance) between 2008 and 2009. Findings highlight the dynamic interplay between microclimate, human presence, and fungal ecology in this culturally significant but ecologically sensitive site.

Wang, W., Ma, X., Ma, Y., Mao, L., Wu, F., Ma, X., An, L., & Feng, H. (2011). Molecular characterization of airborne fungi in caves of the Mogao Grottoes, Dunhuang, China. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 65(5), 726–731. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2011.04.006