Point–Axis System Theory with GIS Spatial Analysis in Geospatial Big Data: A Case Study of the Petra World Heritage Site

A new framework integrating Point–Axis System (PAS) Theory with GIS and geospatial big data reveals how high-capacity corridors, such as Petra's Siq passage, redistribute tourist flows and intensify exposure around iconic heritage sites like Al-Khazneh. This approach quantifies pole attraction and axis strength, enabling precise identification of leverage points for congestion management and conservation. The study introduces a composite Pole–Axis Index (PAI) that fuses gravity, performance, and accessibility metrics, offering actionable insights for heritage-sensitive tourism planning. Practical applications include optimized visitor infrastructure siting, route design, and policy scenario monitoring, while social benefits extend to spatial equity in access and protection of outstanding universal value.

JAWABREH, O., Al FAHMAWEE, E. A. D., MAHMOUD, R., ALQADER, S. A., & HARAZNEH, I. (2026). POINT–AXIS SYSTEM THEORY WITH GIS SPATIAL ANALYSIS IN GEOSPATIAL BIG DATA: A CASE STUDY OF THE PETRA WORLD HERITAGE SITE. Geojournal of Tourism and Geosites, 67(3), 1980–1993. https://doi.org/10.30892/gtg.67314-1826