Predatory fish invasion induces within and across ecosystem effects in Yellowstone National Park

The introduction of predatory lake trout into Yellowstone Lake triggered profound and far-reaching ecological changes, extending beyond the aquatic environment to impact terrestrial food webs. Over four decades (1972–2017), this invasion led to a dramatic decline in native prey fish, particularly Yellowstone cutthroat trout, while altering plankton assemblages within the lake and reducing nutrient transport to tributary streams. The effects crossed ecosystem boundaries, compelling grizzly and black bears to seek alternative foods and causing significant declines in osprey nest density and success. Bald eagles adjusted their diets to compensate for the loss of cutthroat trout, underscoring the cascading impacts of invasive species on pristine ecosystems. This study highlights how predatory fish introductions can disrupt multiple trophic levels, both within and across ecosystems.

Koel, T. M., Tronstad, L. M., Arnold, J. L., Gunther, K. A., Smith, D. W., Syslo, J. M., & White, P. J. (2019). Predatory fish invasion induces within and across ecosystem effects in Yellowstone National Park. Science Advances, 5(3). https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aav1139