Symbolization in the early phases of modern architecture

Early modern architecture, spanning from 1890 to 1920, exhibited a decline in denotation but retained complex syntactic and semantic elements on building façades. This period included movements like the Chicago School, Art Nouveau, Jugendstil, Catalan Modernisme, and Expressionism, with notable figures such as Antoni Gaudí, Louis Sullivan, and Adolf Loos. The study analyzed aesthetic expression through these movements, revealing that some buildings resisted reduction to mere notation, a trend later embraced by modernists favoring standardization.

Lægring, K. (2024). Symbolization in the early phases of modern architecture. Nelson Goodman and Modern Architecture, 78–117. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003323617-4