Understanding the multidimensionality of the Kilimanjaro social-ecological system: insights for building desirable futures

This interdisciplinary study reveals that enhancing access to Kilimanjaro National Park for local actors and integrating traditional agroforestry can significantly increase multifunctionality, defined as the balance between Nature's Contributions to People (NCP) supply and demand. The research demonstrates that desirable futures for the Kilimanjaro social-ecological system require local agency and polycentric governance, combining national commitments like land-use planning with local collective actions such as restoration programs. By integrating multiple forms of knowledge—scientific, local, and experiential—the study provides a quantitative, holistic approach to addressing trade-offs between human needs and ecosystem functions, offering actionable insights for sustainability in complex social-ecological systems.

Kinabo, N. R. Understanding the multidimensionality of the Kilimanjaro social-ecological system: insights for building desirable futures. https://doi.org/10.21248/gups.97930