Options for socioeconomic developments in ICZM for the tri-national Wadden area

The Wadden Sea faces socioeconomic challenges that threaten its sustainable development. A study reveals that the tri-national region (Netherlands, Germany, and Denmark) suffers from population decline, an aging workforce, and high unemployment, with economic structures differing significantly from national trends. The research identifies potential for job creation in sectors like agriculture, fishing, tourism, and services, provided they align with ecological constraints. It also advises against large-scale industrial activities unless confined to existing zones with minimal ecosystem impact. The study emphasizes the need for interdisciplinary, science-based management systems to monitor cumulative human and natural processes affecting this unique coastal ecosystem.

Dijk, J. v., Broersma, L., & Mehnen, N. (2016). Options for socioeconomic developments in ICZM for the tri-national Wadden area. Ocean & Coastal Management, 119, 76–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2015.10.004