The chronology, craft production and economy of the Butua capital of Khami, southwestern Zimbabwe

New radiocarbon dating reveals Khami, the precolonial capital of the Butua kingdom in southwestern Zimbabwe, emerged as a significant political and economic power by the late 14th century—earlier than previously thought. Analysis of material culture from both walled and non-walled areas indicates household-based craft production was widespread, with pottery making, metalworking, ivory working, agriculture, and animal husbandry forming key economic pillars. The presence of local and exotic objects suggests Khami's integration into regional trade networks, reinforcing its role as a major center during the late medieval period.

Mukwende, T., Bandama, F., Chirikure, S., & Nyamushosho, R. T. (2018). The chronology, craft production and economy of the Butua capital of Khami, southwestern Zimbabwe. Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa, 53(4), 477–506. https://doi.org/10.1080/0067270x.2018.1540217