Valuation of Ecosystem Services for the Sustainable Development of Hani Terraces: A Rice–Fish–Duck Integrated Farming Model

A rice-fish-duck integrated farming model in the Honghe Hani Rice Terraces provides significant ecosystem services valued at 3.316 billion CNY annually. This symbiotic agro-ecological system delivers provisioning services worth 1.76 billion CNY, regulation and maintenance services at 1.32 billion CNY, and cultural services at 230.85 million CNY. The study developed a valuation model to assess these ecosystem services across eight groups and ten indicators, highlighting the model's potential for poverty alleviation and sustainable development in similar regions. This approach offers a blueprint for balancing environmental conservation with human well-being, serving as a theoretical reference for policymakers aiming to protect both natural resources and cultural heritage.

Yuan, Y., Xu, G., Shen, N., Nie, Z., Li, H., Zhang, L., Gong, Y., He, Y., Ma, X., Zhang, H., Zhu, J., Duan, J., & Xu, P. (2022). Valuation of Ecosystem Services for the Sustainable Development of Hani Terraces: A Rice–Fish–Duck Integrated Farming Model. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(14), 8549. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148549