Tracking Moisture Dynamics in a Karst Rock Formation Combining Multi-Frequency 3D GPR Data: A Strategy for Protecting the Polychrome Hall Paintings in Altamira Cave

Multi-frequency 3D Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) mapping reveals critical moisture dynamics and geological discontinuities in the Cave of Altamira's Polychrome Hall, threatening its renowned Paleolithic cave paintings. The study identifies moisture patterns linked to fractures, joints, and detachments, elucidating capillary rise mechanisms from higher altitudes. By combining 300 MHz, 800 MHz, and 1.6 GHz antennas, researchers mapped a 1 × 1 m² area, providing unprecedented insights into subsurface structures and water infiltration pathways. These findings highlight the vulnerability of the Polychrome Hall ceiling to deterioration, offering actionable data for targeted conservation strategies. The research underscores GPR's potential as a tool for monitoring geological and hydrogeological evolution in karst rock formations.

Bayarri, V., Prada, A., García, F., De Las Heras, C., & Fatás, P. (2024). Tracking Moisture Dynamics in a Karst Rock Formation Combining Multi-Frequency 3D GPR Data: A Strategy for Protecting the Polychrome Hall Paintings in Altamira Cave. Remote Sensing, 16(20), 3905. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16203905