Pagus, castellum et civitas

The transformation of rural settlements ('pagus', 'castellum') into autonomous cities ('civitas') under Roman rule was found to be a complex, politically driven process. Unlike previously assumed, this promotion was not merely about achieving legal immunity but rather about gaining concrete social dignity and autonomy. The study analyzed inscriptions from Dougga (Thugga), revealing that such advancements required diplomatic petitions to the Emperor, who could grant or revoke city status based on merit. This process mirrored the struggle for freedom ('libertas') and social standing, with mother cities resisting independence to retain financial and political control. The research highlights the nuanced interplay between local aspirations and imperial authority in shaping urban development.

Aounallah, S. (2010). Pagus, castellum et civitas. https://doi.org/10.4000/books.ausonius.3843