Seasonality in Moisture Dynamics in the Walls of the rock-cut Churches in Lalibela, Ethiopia: Implications for Weathering

Seasonal moisture dynamics in the walls of Lalibela's rock-cut churches significantly influence weathering patterns, with complex damage profiles emerging due to contrasting saturation behaviors between wet and dry seasons. During the wet season, deeper layers retain higher moisture levels, leading to surface salt accumulation as constant-rate drying occurs. Conversely, the dry season sees increased surface saturation and subsurface salt buildup, driven by high rock temperatures. This study, using non-destructive Microwave Moisture Measurement System (MMMS) monitoring at two monolithic churches, underscores the vulnerability of these structures to moisture-related decay, particularly due to their lack of impermeable foundations or roofs. The findings reveal a dynamic interplay between moisture and temperature that exacerbates weathering, posing challenges for conservation efforts.

Taye, B., Viles, H., & Orr, S. A. (2022). Seasonality in Moisture Dynamics in the Walls of the rock-cut Churches in Lalibela, Ethiopia: Implications for Weathering. International Journal of Architectural Heritage, 18(2), 302–315. https://doi.org/10.1080/15583058.2022.2142699