The Ecology and Conservation of Orchids in Ultramafic Habitats of Kinabalu Park, Sabah, Malaysia

Kinabalu Park, Sabah, Malaysia, hosts up to 340 orchid species in its ultramafic zones, characterized by high nickel and magnesium levels, low calcium, and poor nutrient retention. A notable discovery is the locally endemic Dendrobium maraiparense Wood and Chan, first described at Marai Parai, a site with the highest orchid density (136 species). The study highlights significant threats to these orchids, including excessive collection, illegal trade, poaching, and climate change, emphasizing the urgent need for stronger conservation measures. It advocates for in-situ and ex-situ conservation strategies, community education, and legal enforcement to protect orchid biodiversity and maintain ecological health. This analysis is based on a comprehensive review of existing scientific literature, including articles, books, journals, and herbarium records.

Razali, H. I., & Md.-Isa, S. F. (2026). The Ecology and Conservation of Orchids in Ultramafic Habitats of Kinabalu Park, Sabah, Malaysia. Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science, 49(2). https://doi.org/10.47836/pjtas.49.2.18