Birds Iconography in the Lalitavistara Relief of Borobudur Temple: A Study from Biological and Cultural Perspective

A study of the Lalitavistara relief panels at Borobudur Temple reveals 22 bird species, including the Green Peafowl and Rock Dove, each carrying distinct symbolic meanings. The research analyzed 120 panels, identifying birds based on morphology, behavior, and habitat preferences, while contextualizing them within the narrative of the reliefs. These findings suggest that birds not only serve as artistic decoration but also convey deeper cultural significance, potentially indicating time markers or geographical settings through their natural behaviors. This new perspective enriches the interpretation of Borobudur's intricate storytelling.

Ashari, H., Rusdianto, R., & Maryanto, I. (2021). Birds Iconography in the Lalitavistara Relief of Borobudur Temple: A Study from Biological and Cultural Perspective. Tropical Natural History, 21(3), 380–409. https://doi.org/10.58837/tnh.21.3.253401