Urbanisation of former city fortifications in The Netherlands between 1805 and 2013

The Dutch Water Defence Lines have undergone significant transformations from their original military purpose to modern urban and ecological functions. This study identifies three key phases in the evolution of these fortifications: construction (from castles to defense lines), dismantling and urbanization (1805–1951), and current spatial character and revitalization. The research reveals that revitalization strategies vary, ranging from full reconstruction to narrative approaches, with implications for heritage preservation, water management, ecology, and urban identity. By analyzing these mechanisms of transformation, the study provides actionable insights for city planners and landscape architects to strengthen historic inner cities and enhance urban identity. The findings underscore the importance of adaptive heritage approaches in balancing historical integrity with contemporary needs.

Verschuure-Stuip, G. A., & Labuhn, B. (2014). Urbanisation of former city fortifications in The Netherlands between 1805 and 2013. Defence Sites II, 1, 245–256. https://doi.org/10.2495/dshf140211