Subsidence in the Dutch Wadden Sea

Ground surface dynamics significantly influence the future of the Wadden Sea, with subsidence and heave directly impacting relative sea level changes. While the Dutch height datum Normaal Amsterdams Peil (NAP) is static, subsidence can be measured as a differential signal between locations, making geodetic height data unnecessary for monitoring. This study focuses on anthropogenic causes of subsidence in the Wadden Sea, detailing processes that drive it and exploring methods to measure, monitor, and forecast these changes. It identifies knowledge gaps and proposes future research directions to better understand and mitigate subsidence impacts.

Fokker, Peter. A., van Leijen, Freek. J., Orlic, B., van der Marel, H., & Hanssen, Ramon. F. (2018). Subsidence in the Dutch Wadden Sea. Netherlands Journal of Geosciences, 97(3), 129–181. https://doi.org/10.1017/njg.2018.9